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Ancient Greece's geography A mountainous land, rugged with NO great rivers
Greece is located At the Southern tip of the Balkan Pennisula, at the intersection of Asia, Africa and Europe Greece is a Pennisula, surrounded by water by 3 sides.
Aegean Sea Is to the EAST of Greece and separates Greece from Asia
Ionian Sea Is to the WEST of Greece, separates Greece from Italy
Mediterranean Sea Is SOUTH of Greece Links Greece with Asia, North Africa and parts of western Europe
Greece's coastline has many excellent harbors Greece has mnay great sailors and traders
Greece's mountains .... The reason City-States developed. Divided the land and kept people apart from each other People could not travel through the mountains and it made farming difficult They relied on their harbors (fishing) and trade instead
Due to Greece's mountainous geography Uniting the country to follow one government was difficult The mountains divided Greece into independent city states called polis
Although separated by mountains, Greeks share the same... Language and religion
The climate in Greece's is... Pleasant with an outdoor way of life
Farming in Greece Wasnt good Soil was rocky, farming was difficult because of the rugged, mountainous land However, they were able to...raise animals, grow barley, grapes and olives.
Greeks traded... With others across the seas The seas allowed Greeks to trade and learn from other cultures Trade encouraged cultural diffusion Greeks were exposed to Phoenician alphabet and Egyptian geometry
Agora Outdoor marketplace
Greeks held certain events outdoors, such as... Plays Political meetings Religious celebrations Sports contests
Minoan Civilization EARLIEST KNOWN GREEK CIVILIZATION Located on the Greek Island of Crete 2500 BC, Minoans has a written language Controlled trading in the Aegean Sea Were very powerful for hundreds of years Ships protected kingdom from invaders Eventually grew weak, no one knows why
Mycenae THE GREATEST EARLY CITY-STATE (POLIS) Was the center of civilization in eastern Mediterranean Was powerful and well defended Its ships captured other ships and took plunder (which are goods taken during the war)
Polis Greek word for city state An independent city ans its surrounding farmland Every polis had its OWN government, but shared the same language (Greek) and religion
Athens was... An important polis in Ancient Greece Developed a democracy, which is a system of government where the citizens vote and participate in government Athenians were tough but encouraged to engage in art, philosophy and music Only free men, born in Athens, could vote Woman, slaves and foreigners could NOT vote, attend plays or go to school School was encouraged for males ONLY Famous Philosopher Socrates was From Athens
Sparta A militaristic polis, obsessed with war Government was an oligarchy... 2 kings headed a small council who had power Had Helots, which were slaves, that farmed for them so they could focus on their military duties All men had to serve in the military Fear of being taken over by others led to fierce training for war Discouraged foreign visitors Girls were trained in sports
Alexander The Great Young King of Macedonia Invaded the Persian empire and won Went on to conquer a vast empire covering parts of Europe, Asia and Africa Crowned a pharaoh As he conquered new territories he learned new cultures and embraced them, He BLENDED the cultures of Ancient Greece and Persia, called the Hellenistic Age
Hellenistic Age A time when the Ancient Greek and Persian cultures were blended together and exposed to one another Knowledge, art, language, customs and traditions were exchanged Alexander The Great was responsible for bringing about this age through his conquests
Democracy A government by the people
Aristocracy A government in which power is held by the highest class or noble people.
Oligarchy A form of government in which a small group of people, usually wealthy aristocrats, rule and hold power
Tyranny A form of government that comes about when the ruler seizes and takes power illegally, often through force
Myth Stories that may be about gods and goddesses
Philosopher A person engaged or learned in philosophy
Immortal Able to live forever
Reason Logical thinking
Zeus King of the Gods Greek God of the sky, lightning and storms
Aristotle Ancient Greek philosopher Believed in moderation, balance in life Believed people should think about their actions before doing them and predict how they will affect others
Socrates Ancient Greek Philosopher Believed people should never stop looking for knowledge and should always ask questions of life
Plato Ancient philosopher and teacher Was Socrates student Had a famous school for philosophers and scientist to come and discuss ideas
The Persian War, The Battle at Salamis Persia attacked Greece's mainland Athens and Sparta were enemies but joined forces to fight the Persians The Persian army outnumbered the Greeks but the Greeks used their small naval ships to defeat the Persian ships This was a famous battle that ended the Persian war and the Greeks were victorious
The Golden Age After winning the war against the Persians, Athens became the most powerful city state and entered this period... During this period, peace, prosperity (which means to make money) and ideas were exchanged Monuments, temples and statues were built in Athens
The Peloponnesian War Sparta attacked Athens and a war broke out Sparta had power on the land Athens had power in the seas, on their ships After almost 30 years, Athens surrendered and Sparta won the war This war left Athens broke and devastated Civil war between Sparta and Athens. Sparta ultimately wins, fracturing Greece Fought between Athens and Sparta. Sparta wins.
King Philip King of Macedonia Father of Alexander The Great Was killed and young Alexander took over the kingdom of Macedonia
Alexander the Great Was considered great because conquered most of the known world of his day. He spread knowledge and culture of the Greeks throughout the conquered lands.
Trojan War War between Sparta and Troy. Sparta won Written about by Homer in his epic poems (The Iliad and The Odyssey
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