An exchange surface is the place that substances are moved across membranes in an organism, for example the lungs of birds or mammals and the gills of fish. An example of exchange of materials is the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and the air. Other exchange surfaces include the villi in the small intestine, root hair cells and leaves of plants. In plants, the main exchange surfaces are the leaves and roots. Leaves have evolved to allow the efficient gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air during photosynthesis. Molecules of carbon... Show more An exchange surface is the place that substances are moved across membranes in an organism, for example the lungs of birds or mammals and the gills of fish. An example of exchange of materials is the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and the air. Other exchange surfaces include the villi in the small intestine, root hair cells and leaves of plants. In plants, the main exchange surfaces are the leaves and roots. Leaves have evolved to allow the efficient gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air during photosynthesis. Molecules of carbon dioxide enter the leaves through tiny pores called stomata. Once inside the leaf, these carbon dioxide molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane and into the cell. Oxygen is the waste product from photosynthesis and it is eliminated from the plant in the opposite direction to the carbon dioxide. A plant also needs water and mineral ions. These are absorbed from the soil by osmosis (water) and active transport (mineral ions) via specialized cells called root hair cells. In animals, the common examples of exchange surfaces are in the lungs (where gaseous exchange takes place across the alveoli) and in the small intestine (where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream via the villi). As well as the factors above that make these two exchange surfaces efficient, they are supplied with very dense networks of capillaries. The capillaries have very thin walls that allow substances to diffuse easily in both directions to ensure that the material are efficiently exchanged with the blood. Show less
An exchange surface is the place that substances are moved across membranes in an organism, for example the lungs of birds or mammals and the gills of fish. An example of exchange of materials is the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and the air. Other exchange surfaces include the villi in the small intestine, root hair cells and leaves of plants.
In plants, the main exchange surfaces are the leaves and roots. Leaves have evolved to allow the efficient gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air during photosynthesis. Molecules of carbon dioxide enter the leaves through tiny pores called stomata. Once inside the leaf, these carbon dioxide molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane and into the cell. Oxygen is the waste product from photosynthesis and it is eliminated from the plant in the opposite direction to the carbon dioxide. A plant also needs water and mineral ions. These are absorbed from the soil by osmosis (water) and active transport (mineral ions) via specialized cells called root hair cells.
In animals, the common examples of exchange surfaces are in the lungs (where gaseous exchange takes place across the alveoli) and in the small intestine (where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream via the villi). As well as the factors above that make these two exchange surfaces efficient, they are supplied with very dense networks of capillaries. The capillaries have very thin walls that allow substances to diffuse easily in both directions to ensure that the material are efficiently exchanged with the blood.
Join 4M+ learners. Unlock unlimited quizzes, wrong-answer tracking, flashcards + reminders, study guides, and 1-on-1 challenges.