As though the shape of the notes and phrases were not enough, at numerous points Beethoven marks the music to be played sf. What does this mean?

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Grades 6, 7 and 8 - Music - Middle School - Symphony No. 5 (First Movement) — practice the complete quiz, review flashcards, or try a random question.

The opening movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 has to be one of the most enduring 'ear-worms' of all time. It is known all over the world and regularly appears in culture including pop music, film and television. 


As though the shape of the notes and phrases were not enough, at numerous points Beethoven marks the music to be played <i>sf</i>. What does this mean?