The first of the great Capetian kings of France. Fighting and negotiating against Henry II, Richard I, and John of England, he won back Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, and other territories. He also took part in the famous Third Crusade (with Richard I and Frederick Barbarossa) and made use of the Albigensian crusade to pave the way for the annexation of Languedoc by his successor.

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1. The first of the great Capetian kings of France. Fighting and negotiating against Henry II, Richard I, and John of England, he won back Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, and other territories. He also took part in the famous Third Crusade (with Richard I and Frederick Barbarossa) and made use of the Albigensian crusade to pave the way for the annexation of Languedoc by his successor.