(1443 - 1513; r. 1503 - 1513) Nicknamed the 'Warrior Pope' for his military ambition in expanding the Papal States. He joined the League of Cambrai to resist Venetian expansion in northern Italy. He also instituted the Swiss Guard and commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Michelangelo created a number of notable sculptures as part of a plan for Julius II's tomb, including the Rebellious Slave, Dying Slave, and a 'Horned Moses' based on a mistranslation of the Vulgate.

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1. (1443 - 1513; r. 1503 - 1513) Nicknamed the 'Warrior Pope' for his military ambition in expanding the Papal States. He joined the League of Cambrai to resist Venetian expansion in northern Italy. He also instituted the Swiss Guard and commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Michelangelo created a number of notable sculptures as part of a plan for Julius II's tomb, including the Rebellious Slave, Dying Slave, and a 'Horned Moses' based on a mistranslation of the Vulgate.