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Pediatrics Exam Practice Questions

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Pediatrics Exam Practice Questions

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1. Testicular Torsion 13y.O Male Presents With A Discoloured, Painful Testicle: What Are 6 Questions To Ask In The History? Give 3 Differential Diagnoses. Mum Wants To Know If There Are Further Investigations That Can Be Done Before Surgery. Explain To Mum The Role Of Investigations.

Methylmalonic acidemiaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterUti or chlamydia or gonorrheaHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%.

2. Tx Of Pinworms?

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterMethylmalonic acidemiaHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%.

3. Dysuria Cause By Age: Adolescent Female/Sexually Active

Methylmalonic acidemiaHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks later

4. Infant With Metabolic Acidosis, Elevated Serum Nh4 And Increased Anion Gap

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaMethylmalonic acidemiaHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks later

5. If An Adolescent Between 11-18 Has History Of Pertussis, Shoul They Get Tdap?

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaYesHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks later

6. Sudden And Brief Flexion Spasms Of Head, Torso, And Limbs With Adduction ("Salaam Seizure"), Usually Mixed With Extensor Spasms - Dx?

History= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Infantile spasms (west syndrome)Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterUti or chlamydia or gonorrhea

7. Purpuric Lesions, Joint Pain, Abdominal Pain - Dx?

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterHspHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%.

8. Up And Down Stairs, 1 Foot Per Step Each Way

9. Top 4 Causes Of Dental Injury

History= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Motor vehicle sports non accidental walking learning to walk Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks later

10. Which Can Have Gut And Liver Herniated? Omphalocele Or Gastroschisis

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaOmphaloceleHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks later

11. Child With Ataxia, Gait Imbalance, Incoordination, Neck Pain, And Headache

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterMri for posterior fossa tumorHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%.

12. What Actually Kills People Most Commonly When In A Fire? If There Are Any Burns Above The Clavicles And The Patient Is Unconscious What Is The Most Important Next Step? What Percentage Total Body Surface Area Is The Head And Neck In Children (Compare With Adult)? How Can The Size Of A Burn Be More Accurately Estimated In Kids?

Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterUti or chlamydia or gonorrheaHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Most common reason that people die in a fire is inhalational injury which involves 1) systemic toxicity and hypoxia with gas/chemical changes- (raised carbominohaemoglobin, hydrogen cyanide gas and low ambient oxygen) 2) thermal burns to the upper airway- mucosa is very prone to thermal injury as it makes high contact with air entering lungs 3) thermal burns to the lower airway- takes a few days but chemical inflammation is induced by the acids/alkali/other chemicals deposited in the alveoli from the smoke particles in the fire. If there are burns above the clavicles (any neck or face) then the possibility of obstruction needs to be carefully anticipated (call an anaesthetist). If they obstruct it becomes near impossible to intubate safely because swelling obstructs the visualisation of the cords and epiglottis. Tbsa of head and neck in children is 18% (vs 9% in adult), best etimated by how many times the whole hand print size (1%)

13. If The Mention Mom Had A Flu Like Illness During Pregnancy, What Could The Swu Be (+) For?

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Listeria

14. Which One Is Covered By A Membrane? Omphalocele Or Gastroschisis

15. Torch: Microcephaly, Hydrocephaly, Chorioretinitis, Diffuse Cerebral Calcifications, Jaundice, Hepatosplenomegaly

ToxoHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks later

16. Bv, Fishy Odor And Clue Cells. What's The Bug

History= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterGardnerella vaginalisUti or chlamydia or gonorrhea

17. Child With Abrupt Onset Of Weakness, Hypotonia, And Decreased Reflexes --> Increasd Tone And Bowel And Bladder Dysfcn

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaAcute transverse myelitisHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks later

18. Tx Of Narcosis?

Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaIv / sq / im naloxone

19. When Can A Child Who Presents With Acute Asthma Be Discharged? When Should Oxygen Be Given And What Is The Goal? When Is Ipratropium Bromide Indicated In Acute Asthma? What About Iv Salbutamol? When Should Children Be Transfered To A Childrens Hospital?

Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterUti or chlamydia or gonorrheaHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Discharge- if stable on salbutamol q3h, oximetry > 90 per cent, has knowledge, equipment and demonstrated technique to manage asthma at home. Oxygen shlould be given in any asthma severity to maintain spo2 above 94%. Ipratropium bromide nebs (3x 20minutely then 6 hourly) is used for severe/life-threatening asthma. Iv salbutamol used if unable to reduced neb salbutamol to less than 1 hourly. This means they require transfer to higher level care. Transfer to childrens hospital should occur in severe asthma not able to reduce salbutamol to less than 1hrly, or life-threatening asthma if unable to reduce to less than 3hrly despite improvement initially. If unable to reduce salb to less than 3 hourly in this then call consultant, call nets, consider cpap/intubation.

20. Fungus: Nodosum Vague Flu Sxms C Fever, Night Sweats, Ha, Myalgias, Erythema, Travel To Arizona (Dx And Tx)

Coccidioidomycosis / supportive tx or ampho b if invasivePyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%. Uti or chlamydia or gonorrhea

21. Rapid Onset Descending Paralysis

Pyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterBotulismUti or chlamydia or gonorrheaHistory= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%.

22. Salter Harris Iii

23. What Is Erb's Palsy

24. What Causes A Dendritic Ulcer On The Cornea Of A Child And What Test Identifies Ulceration? What Is The Treatment And What Should Be Avoided?

Uti or chlamydia or gonorrheaPyrantel pamoate / albendazole / mebendazole x 1 dose with 2nd dose 2-3 weeks laterHerpes simplex keratitis. Identify by flourescene dye. The treatment of hs keratitis is acyclovir ointment. Avoid steroid eye drops as this may make the virus that is in the cornea spread to the corneal stroma leading to immune reaction and scarring. Remember there are only 2 areas of the body hidden from the immune system- the are the cornea and the testes/spermatocytes (by the tunica vaginalis)History= socrates, must know onset/duration (viability if teste if torsion), rfs- recent trauma, strenuous exercise, sexual activity, associated- worse with lifting balls, history of hernias, family history. Differentials- incracerated inguinal hernia, torsion of teste, varicocele (blue), epidydymo-orchiti, torsion of the hydatid of morgagni (top of the teste can twist- no actual ischaemia just pain). No other investigations because torsion of the testicle is a clinical diagnosis and a surgical emergency if one is really unsure, ultrasound can be done but can be unreliable, should not delay progress to surgery if torsion is suspected. Survival is good if under 6 hours good, over 12hrs down to 70% and over 24hrs 0%.

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❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson© 2026 Fatskills.com

All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | OSHA Basics Quiz | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com