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PHIL102 Final Exam - Introduction to Critical Thinking and Logic
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PHIL102 Final Exam - Introduction to Critical Thinking and Logic
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25 Questions

1. For X to be a sufficient condition for Y, it must be the case that
2. The figure below represents which of the following statements?
3. Which of the following types of fallacious reasoning apply here? 'The insurance company estimated that damage at $400, but the body shop estimated it at $800, so the car must really need around $600 in repairs.'
4. Due to the popularity of Darwinism, many nineteenth century history books began to put the word 'evolution' in their titles: 'The Evolution of Civil Society,' The Evolution of Architecture,' and so on. Which type of creativity can be discerned in this literary trend?
5. We typically think of money as having:
6. Which of the following is indicative of post-hoc reasoning?
7. If P is true, Q is true, and R is false, then:
8. Which of the following should not be taken into consideration when choosing between two competing scientific theories?
9. One of the major aims of the hypothetical deductive method is to:
10. Which type of argument is the following? 'Writing a novel is just like baking a cake. Unless you have all of the ingredients ready from the very beginning, it will not come out very well.'
11. The two components of cognitive creativity are:
12. Which of the following types of cognitive bias apply to the following scenario? 'A man believes that he has made a wise investment the stock has invested in has been declining in value. Logically, he figures, it is due for a rebound.'
13. Identify the weakness in the following causal argument: 'Normally, Joseph washes his hands before every meal. Today, however, Joseph forgot to wash his hands and he subsequently got the flu. Therefore, Joseph got the flu because he failed to wash his hands.'
14. A complex input-output problem may be analyzed by means of:
15. In the Euthyphro problem:
16. According to moral relativism:
17. Which of the following is the negation of 'Tom is very depressed'?
18. What information does calculating the expected value of a decision under risk provide you with?
19. Critical thinking skills include all of the following except:
20. Which of the following is NOT a statement?
21. Suppose that someone believes that it is impermissible to lie unless lying would prevent some horrible consequences from coming about. This person would be described as a:
22. Suppose you are planning future investments for you company and you are trying to decide between investing in a risky product, which might yield great returns, or a less risky product, which would yield more modest, but more reliable returns. Which visual method would best assist you in making your decision a fiscally responsible one?
23. Which of the following is indicative of the straw man fallacy?
24. Which of the following is a limitation of Venn diagrams?
25. Critical thinking entails:

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