Because contemporary economists generally have to adhere to a dominant theoretical paradigm in order to be taken seriously but, as a result, generally spend little time arguing over theoretical issues, contemporary economics exhibits (in Richard Whitley's terminology)

MCQs on the origins and development of modern science and how that is distinguished from pseudo-science; the importance of deduction and induction and their separate methodologies; the process of the scientific method; scientific change and scientific revolutions, particularly that of Thomas Kuhn; and selected philosophical problems in the basic sciences, such as absolute space, biological classification, the modular mind, and recent discoveries of neuroscience.