A 2.0-kg mass moves with a speed of 5.0 m/s. It collides head-on with a 3.0 kg mass at rest. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, what is the speed of the masses after the collision?

Newton's second law in terms of momentum:  The rate of change of momentum of an object is equal to the net force applied to it.
The law of conservation of momentum: The total momentum of an isolated system of objects remains constant.

Newton's second law for a system of particles: The sum of all forces acting on the system is equal to the total mass of the system times the acceleration of its center of mass.