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Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion between particles in solids, liquids, and gases. They are also called van der Waals forces.
Here are some ways intermolecular forces vary in solids, liquids, and gases: Solids: Have the strongest intermolecular forces because their particles are tightly packed. This makes solids incompressible and dense. Liquids: Have intermolecular forces that hold the molecules in contact, but are not strong enough to keep them in fixed positions. The particles in liquids are looser than in solids, so the force of attraction is higher than in gases but less than in solids. Gases: Have very weak intermolecular forces.
Three major types of intermolecular forces in liquids are: Dipole-dipole attractions London-dispersion forces Hydrogen bonding
Surface tension is a physical property of liquids that is caused by the attraction of liquid molecules due to various intermolecular forces. This property allows the surface of a liquid to resist an external force.
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