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The Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model of the atom, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. It is analogous to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic force rather than gravity, and with the electron energies quantized (assuming only discrete values).
The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell model. The modern model of atomic structure is called the “electron cloud” model. Edwin Schrodinger, an Austrian physicist, proposed that electrons do not travel in static, or fixed paths.
The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom in its uncombined state, which contains the electrons most likely to account for the nature of any reactions involving the atom and of the bonding interactions it has with other atoms.
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