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Milk can contain a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and other microbes. The presence of microorganisms in milk can indicate its sanitary quality and production conditions. If allowed to multiply, bacteria can cause milk to spoil.
Here are some microorganisms that can be found in milk: Enterococcus: Usually harmful to humans, but some strains can be probiotic Streptococcus: A pathogen Lactobacillus: A beneficial bacteria Clostridium: Most strains are harmful to humans, but it is highly anaerobic and cannot grow in milk Coliforms: Not naturally present in raw milk, but can enter through the environment, milking machinery, or the udder Lactic acid bacteria: A group of microorganisms that produce lactic acid and are used to convert milk to curd Psychrotrophic bacteria: A major group of microbes in milk and dairy products Pseudomonas: A psychrotroph that contributes to milk spoilage by producing enzymes Bacillus: A thermoduric bacteria that can produce a wide range of heat stable enzymes Campylobacter: A bacteria that can enter the body through contaminated food and water Enterobacteriaceae: A bacterial population often found in raw milk from mammals
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