Grades 6, 7 and 8 - Science - Middle School - Health - Exercise and Fitness — Flashcards

We need a “balanced” exercise and fitness program.  Why balanced?  Because different parts of the body need different exercises performed to strengthen them.  In addition, if the body’s muscles are not exercised regularly, atrophy can set in.  Atrophy is the wasting away and shrinking of a muscle due to none use.  In severe cases, atrophy of the muscle can cause deformities in the body.

To address the different needs of the body, and to prevent atrophy, there are five basic types of exercises.  These are:

Aerobic Exercise

Aerobic exercises are also often referred to as cardiovascular exercises.  They include any sustained, rhythmic activity that affects large muscle groups.  Examples of Aerobic exercises include:  brisk walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, in-line skating and other nonstop vigorous exercises.  Regular aerobic exercise benefits your cardiovascular system.

Anaerobic Exercise

Anaerobic exercises are very rigorous exercises.  They involve stop and go exercises that include:  sprint racing, basketball, football, baseball and weight lifting.

Isometric Exercises

Isometric exercises are strength-building exercises such as weight lifting.

Isotonic Exercises

Isotonic exercises are those exercises that have no over-extended joint movement but rather tension is developed within the muscle to support a load.  Examples of Isotonic exercises include: push-ups, pull-ups and crunches.

Isokinetic Exercises

Isokinetic exercises involve muscle activity that is performed at a constant angular speed.  Tension remains constant while muscles shorten or lengthen.  Examples of Isokinetic exercises would include exercise using a work-out machine like a Bowflex or a treadmill.  A machine that gives you resistance.

To prevent injuries, the workout should be done in phases.