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The Ancient Sumerians, or Ubaidians lived in Mesopotamia between c. 5000 BC and c. 1940 BC. The Ubaidians were the first civilized society in Sumer. They drained the marshes to grow crops, developed trade, and established industries like weaving, leatherwork, metalwork, masonry and pottery. They were very successful farmers which meant that their population expanded and they were able to support specialist artists and craftsmen - something very rare in other civilisations of the time. In the 20th Century BC the Sumerians were conquered by the Amorites and their once great civilization came to an end.
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