Introduction to OSHA: Workplace Safety, Inspections, and Penalties — Flashcards

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), established by the 1970 Act, ensures safe working conditions by setting standards and conducting inspections, covering most private-sector employers. OSHA enforces safety through inspections targeting imminent dangers, fatalities, and complaints, with penalties for violations.

Workplace Safety & Standards
OSHA standards are divided into four main industries: General Industry, Construction, Maritime, and Agriculture. Employers are required to: 

Provide a safe workplace: Free from recognized hazards causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm.
Provide Training: Train employees on safety hazards in a language they understand.
Maintain Records: Keep records of work-related injuries and illnesses.
Provide PPE: Supply required personal protective equipment.
Display Posters: Prominently display the OSHA Poster (Job Safety and Health - It's The Law). 

Key Worker Rights
Workers have the right to file a complaint with OSHA without fear of retaliation, receive safety training, access records of injuries, and participate in workplace inspections. 

Inspections
OSHA inspections are conducted by Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs) and generally follow these stages: 

Presentation of Credentials: Inspector verifies identity.
Opening Conference: Inspector explains the purpose and scope of the inspection.
Walkaround: Inspection of the workplace for hazards, which a worker representative can accompany.
Closing Conference: Discussion of findings, potential violations, and correction timelines. 

Penalties
Violations of OSHA standards can lead to citations and fines. As of 2024–2025, penalty amounts are adjusted annually for inflation: 

Serious/Other-Than-Serious Violation: Up to $\approx$$16,131 per violation.
Willful or Repeated Violation: Up to $\approx$$161,323–$165,514 per violation.
Failure to Abate: Up to $\approx$$16,550 per day beyond the abatement date. 

Employers can use the free OSHA On-Site Consultation Program to identify hazards without penalty.