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Mutations and Repair topics include: Genetic mutations, chemical mutagens damaging dna, dna repair overview and site directed mutagenesMutations are changes in the base sequence of DNA. They can be caused by errors in DNA replication or by mutagens, such as chemicals and radiation. All cells have DNA-repair enzymes that try to minimize the number of mutations. One type of repair, mismatch repair, occurs immediately after DNA replication. Enzymes involved in this repair recognize incorrectly incorporated bases, remove them from DNA, and replace them with the correct bases. Most sequence alterations are repaired in cells. However, if mutations are not properly repaired, they can accumulate and lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is the hallmark of cancer.
There are three types of DNA mutations: base substitutions, deletions, and insertions. Single base substitutions are called point mutations. Point mutations are the most common type of mutation.
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