Neuroscience Glossary — Flashcards | Neurology | FatSkills

Neuroscience Glossary — Flashcards

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Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system, including its structure, function, development, and degeneration. It focuses on the brain, which is the body's most complex organ. 

Neuroscience incorporates other disciplines like psychology, medicine, chemistry, and linguistics. It also deals with the psychological and physiological factors that shape society. 

Here are some subfields of neuroscience:
Behavioral neuroscience:
Studies the basics of behaviors in living beings.
Cognitive neuroscience: Studies the biological processes that underlie human cognition.
Computational neuroscience: Uses mathematical models, theoretical analyses, and abstractions of the brain to develop and test hypotheses of brain mechanisms.
Neuroanatomy: Specializes in the physical structure of the brain, mind, and spinal cord.
Neurology: Deals with the management of diseases, disorders, and malignancies involving both central and peripheral nervous systems. 

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Sometimes called a 'spike' or described as a neuron 'firing,' an action potential occurs when there is a significant increase in the electrical activity along the membrane of a nerve cell. It is associated with neurons passing electrochemical messages down the axon, releasing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells in the synapse.
Image: Action potential
Action potential
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