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Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, psychology, physics, computer science, chemistry, medicine, statistics, and mathematical modeling to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons, glia and neural circuits.
Some main neuroscience subfields are: Clinical neuroscience: Studies the mechanisms that underlie diseases and disorders of the brain and central nervous system. Cognitive neuroscience: Studies the biological processes that underlie human cognition, such as the relationship between brain structures, activity, and cognitive functions. Computational neuroscience: Uses mathematical models, theoretical analyses, and abstractions of the brain to develop and test hypotheses of brain mechanisms. Behavioral neuroscience: Studies the basics of behaviors in living beings, such as how the brain functions to lead to certain behaviors. Cellular and molecular neuroscience: Explores how genes, signaling molecules, and cellular morphology interact to form the nervous system. Neuroanatomy: Specializes in the physical structure of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
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