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Sentence structure is the order of all the parts in a sentence. This includes the subject, predicate, objects, phrases, and punctuation.
Sentences follow the word order of subject + verb + object.
For example, "He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object)". A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
A clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a verb. An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a complete sentence. A dependent clause contains both a subject and a verb, but cannot stand alone as a sentence.
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