An application requires R-12 at −140°C. The triple-point temperature is −157°C. Find the pressure of the saturated vapour at the required condition.

Thermodynamic Relations, Equilibrium and Stability topics include: Maxwells equation, energy equations, joule kelvin effect, clausis clapeyron equation, variable composition mixtures and equilibrium types. Thermodynamic equilibrium is a stable state where a system's properties remain constant over time. It's a state of equilibrium with respect to all possible changes, including thermal, mechanical, and chemical.  There are three types of thermodynamic equilibrium: Chemical equilibrium: A thermodynamic equilibrium in a system where direct and reverse chemical reactions are possible. In a... Show more

Thermodynamic Relations, Equilibrium and Stability topics include: Maxwells equation, energy equations, joule kelvin effect, clausis clapeyron equation, variable composition mixtures and equilibrium types.

Thermodynamic equilibrium is a stable state where a system's properties remain constant over time. It's a state of equilibrium with respect to all possible changes, including thermal, mechanical, and chemical. 

There are three types of thermodynamic equilibrium:
Chemical equilibrium: A thermodynamic equilibrium in a system where direct and reverse chemical reactions are possible. In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction.
Mechanical equilibrium: When the pressures of two systems are the same.
Thermal equilibrium: When the temperatures of two systems are the same. 

Thermodynamic stability is when a system is in its lowest energy state. It's also known as chemical stability. Thermodynamic stability can be caused by dynamic equilibrium, where the shape of individual atoms or molecules changes while the overall change remains constant. 

Show less