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Directions (Qs. No. 71-75): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below. The practice of being 'embedded' has a long history: 'from the earliest correspondents in the nineteenth century through to… the Second World War and Vietnam' and most recently with the unprecedented numbers of embedded journalists in the Iraq war. In 2003 the US Pentagon offered over 700 embedded slots to US and non-US journalists. The American taxpayers, rather than news organizations, paid the bill for the training, outfitting, transporting, sheltering, and feeding of the journalists. It became quite difficult for all but the hardest – nosed reporters to be absolutely honest about the soldiers who fed them, transported them, gave them the power they needed for their equipment, and (when necessary) saved their lives from the enemy. That mere word, 'enemy', shows how a mind set was created…If you are with one side in a war, your fortunes and those of the soldiers you are with are pretty tightly intertwined ; deep down you are praying that they won't fail. This is a common criticism of embedding: it allows the journalist to become too close to those he or she is scrutinizing. Could embedded journalism fulfill the watchdog function of Western journalism when the journalists are embedded with the very people they are meant to be scrutinizing? The US Pentagon claimed that the significance of embedded journalists was 'to tell the factual story – good or bad', but reporting in such a situation is in danger of being reduced to the tokens of patriotism, standing against the 'enemy' who is trying to take away 'our way of life'. It concluded that embedded journalism in the opening of the 2003 war produced stories that promoted patriotism more than stories that encouraged deliberation. Embedded journalists admittedly reported feeling conflicting loyalties and commented on the onedimensional nature of their reports. Impartial reporting is not easy when sharing lived experience, and is that much more difficult when the experience is in such an extreme, life-or-death situation. Frontline correspondent Allan Little criticized the reporting done by 'embeds'. He argued that the journalist's job is that of scrutiny and the 'hi, mom' reporting done by journalists of their host-soldiers was not scrutinizing anything. Journalists are reliant on multiple sources and in the case of being an 'embed', military sources are the only sources available. The normal practice for journalists to gather information from multiple sources is severely limited when embedded with one battalion or when restricted to safe-zones in Baghdad. The journalist is not in a position to observe what the war is doing to the civilians. As the stand-in eyes and ears of the public, the embedded journalist is unable to provide witness to the consequences of the war in which their government is engaged. It was weeks before the embedded journalists had the opportunity to observe and interview the Iraqi people. The Project for Excellence in Journalism conducted a content analysis of US television coverage from the first week of the war produced by embeds: 'The reports avoided graphic material; not one of the stories in the study showed pictures of people being hit by weapons fire'. The Cardiff School of Journalism had similar findings of reports filed by British embeds; the coverage was 'full of action, but without the grisly consequences'. Both Gulf Wars lacked detailed coverage of the suffering of the Iraqi people. At the start of both Gulf Wars, Western audiences largely witnessed war without consequences. 71. Who paid for the practice of embedded journalism in the United States?

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1700+ communication & journalism questions.The UGC NET Mass Communication and Journalism syllabus consists of 10 units: Communication & Journalism  Role of media in society, Demographic & sociological impact of media, effects Journalism- role & responsibilities, Indian constitution Magazines, Press Commission, Small Newspaper, Press Councils, Development of Radio after independence, Development of Television, Committees in broadcasting, Communication & theories of social change, Role of media in social change, and Cinema Dominant paradigm & alternative conception Administrative &... Show more

Directions (Qs. No. 71-75): <em>Read the following</em> <em>passage carefully and answer the questions given</em> <em>below.</em> The practice of being 'embedded' has a long history: 'from the earliest correspondents in the nineteenth century through to… the Second World War and Vietnam' and most recently with the unprecedented numbers of embedded journalists in the Iraq war. In 2003 the US Pentagon offered over 700 embedded slots to US and non-US journalists. The American taxpayers, rather than news organizations, paid the bill for the training, outfitting, transporting, sheltering, and feeding of the journalists. It became quite difficult for all but the hardest – nosed reporters to be absolutely honest about the soldiers who fed them, transported them, gave them the power they needed for their equipment, and (when necessary) saved their lives from the enemy. That mere word, 'enemy', shows how a mind set was created…If you are with one side in a war, your fortunes and those of the soldiers you are with are pretty tightly intertwined ; deep down you are praying that they won't fail. This is a common criticism of embedding: it allows the journalist to become too close to those he or she is scrutinizing. Could embedded journalism fulfill the watchdog function of Western journalism when the journalists are embedded with the very people they are meant to be scrutinizing? The US Pentagon claimed that the significance of embedded journalists was 'to tell the factual story – good or bad', but reporting in such a situation is in danger of being reduced to the tokens of patriotism, standing against the 'enemy' who is trying to take away 'our way of life'. It concluded that embedded journalism in the opening of the 2003 war produced stories that promoted patriotism more than stories that encouraged deliberation. Embedded journalists admittedly reported feeling conflicting loyalties and commented on the onedimensional nature of their reports. Impartial reporting is not easy when sharing lived experience, and is that much more difficult when the experience is in such an extreme, life-or-death situation. Frontline correspondent Allan Little criticized the reporting done by 'embeds'. He argued that the journalist's job is that of scrutiny and the 'hi, mom' reporting done by journalists of their host-soldiers was not scrutinizing anything. Journalists are reliant on multiple sources and in the case of being an 'embed', military sources are the only sources available. The normal practice for journalists to gather information from multiple sources is severely limited when embedded with one battalion or when restricted to safe-zones in Baghdad. The journalist is not in a position to observe what the war is doing to the civilians. As the stand-in eyes and ears of the public, the embedded journalist is unable to provide witness to the consequences of the war in which their government is engaged. It was weeks before the embedded journalists had the opportunity to observe and interview the Iraqi people. The Project for Excellence in Journalism conducted a content analysis of US television coverage from the first week of the war produced by embeds: 'The reports avoided graphic material; not one of the stories in the study showed pictures of people being hit by weapons fire'. The Cardiff School of Journalism had similar findings of reports filed by British embeds; the coverage was 'full of action, but without the grisly consequences'. Both Gulf Wars lacked detailed coverage of the suffering of the Iraqi people. At the start of both Gulf Wars, Western audiences largely witnessed war without consequences.<br /> 71. Who paid for the practice of embedded journalism in the United States?






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