26 year old women comes to GP due to sickle cell disease. Pyelogrpahy with contrast material shows bilateral deformites of renal papillae. 1. Which renal structures are most likely damaged in this patient? 2. Why does this occur in these areas? 3. What sort of damage occurs in these structures?

How do you remember renal physiology?
Use the mnemonic, A WET BED: A) maintenance of ACID-base balance; W) maintenance of WATER balance; E) balance of ELECTROLYTES; T) removal of TOXINS; B) control of BLOOD pressure; E) production of ERYTHROPOIETIN; and D) metabolism of vitamin D.