The unified elemental complex, in which all the features of the physical, biotic and societal environments are functionally associated with man’s occupance of the earth has been called

In geography, models are theoretical frameworks that let us predict things like spatial relationships, interaction with or across space, and other issues of geography. Geographers base models on large patterns and test these theories against real-world data to help determine how and why things happen as they do. 

For example, the study of Earth's landscape and composition through geography is organized into five themes: location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and region.