Who among the following rejected the teleological idea of final causes and insisted that explanations must be sought in what is chronologically antecedent and in this view, opposed Linnaeus and Leibniz but supported and amplified the ideas of Hume and Goethe?

In geography, models are theoretical frameworks that let us predict things like spatial relationships, interaction with or across space, and other issues of geography. Geographers base models on large patterns and test these theories against real-world data to help determine how and why things happen as they do. 

For example, the study of Earth's landscape and composition through geography is organized into five themes: location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and region.