When a machinery is purchased for cash, the cash balance is reduced and to that extent, the amount of machinery as an asset is recorded. This is done to follow which of the following accounting principles:

Financial accounting is a branch of accounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions related to a business. This involves the preparation of financial statements available for public use. (source: Wikipedia)

Most businesses use four primary types of financial statement: the balance sheet, the income statement, the statement of cash flow, and the statement of retained earnings.

Note: The 3 types of accounting are cost, managerial, and financial accounting. ​​