1. Which gland sits atop each kidney?

2. Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.

3. Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.

4. The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.

5. In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle the ________.

6. Which of the choices below does not describe the importance of tubular secretion?

7. Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________.

8. The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal.

9. The descending limb of the loop of Henle ________.

10. Tubular reabsorption ________.

11. The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

12. Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

13. Urine is 95% water by volume.

14. Urine passes through the ________.

15. The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.

16. Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?

17. Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

18. Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?

19. If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will ________.

20. Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.

21. In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

22. Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

23. The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.

24. What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?

25. Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.