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Physiology Practice Test: The Urinary System - Renal Function
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Physiology Practice Test: The Urinary System - Renal Function
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25 Questions

1. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
2. The kidneys receive only a small proportion (1%) of cardiac output at rest.
3. The connecting tubules join the distal tubule with the collecting ducts.
4. As fluid moves out of the glomerular capillaries, it passes through gaps in the podocytes called slit pores, whose size is regulated by what?
5. The excretion of water and solutes in urine has a significant impact on the volume and composition of fluids in the body.
6. Blood leaves the ________ and enters the glomerulus.
7. Calculate renal clearance of X given the following information: GFR = 100 mL/min, urine flow rate = 5 mL/min, plasma concentration of X = 10 mg/mL, urine concentration of X = 50 mg/mL.
8. What structure is formed by the thickening of the smooth muscle cell wall surrounding the bladder that regulates the flow of urine from the bladder.
9. What type of nephrons are located within the outer region of the kidney and comprise nearly 80% of the nephrons?
10. Juxtaglomerular cells are located in the walls of the distal tubule.
11. After fluid passes through the entire proximal tubule, the fluid will enter the ________.
12. Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates sodium reabsorption?
13. Which of the equations below describes the calculation of glomerular filtration pressure (BC = Bowmanʹs capsule and GC = glomerular capillary)?
14. Stretching of the bladder reflexively causes all of the following EXCEPT ________.
15. If the glomerular filtration rate is 150 mL/min, renal blood flow is 750 mL/min, and the plasma concentration of solute X is 10 ng/mL, then what is the filtration fraction?
16. Where does blood leaving the glomerulus go to next?
17. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
18. The clearance of which of the following substances is normally zero?
19. What creates the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla?
20. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on micturition?
21. The apical membranes of the tubular epithelial cells contain ________ that increase the surface area for reabsorption.
22. A hemorrhage-induced decrease in mean arterial pressure will decrease glomerular filtration rate by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms; the extrinsic mechanisms act through ________.
23. Which of the following conditions would increase glomerular filtration pressure?
24. Which muscle(s) that regulates micturition is under involuntary control?
25. Filtration fraction is calculated as glomerular filtration rate × plasma concentration of a solute.

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