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Cave Paintings to Cathedrals Exam

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Cave Paintings to Cathedrals Exam

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This is

Stele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHierarchy of Scale

This is

Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hierarchy of ScaleHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lighting

This is

Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hierarchy of Scale

4. An artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance

This is

Stele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingpainted chest from the tomb of Tutankhamen
Thebes, Egypt
1333-1323 BCE
Wood

6. The crossed, or diagonal, arches that form the skeletal framework of a Gothic rib vault. In sculpture, the framework for a clay form; The framework for a clay form to help support a sculptor.

7. Arabic 'bench.' An ancient Egyptian rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides erected over a subterranean tomb chamber connected with the outside by a shaft; very simple tombs

Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingMastaba

8. A composition that is symmetrical on either side of a central figure; something in middle with two figures flanking either side

This is

Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Stonehenge
ca. 2550-1600 (neolithic)
Stone
Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England
-The circle of trilithons at Stonehenge probably functioned as an astronomical observatory and solar calendar. The sun rises over its 'heel stone' at the summer solstice. Some megaliths (big stones) weigh 50 tons
-Series of phases-- Ditch, timber, stones, collapse, reelected
-Acted out as landscape over series of hundred of years--changed meaning over time
-Solstice/equinox
-Calendar function
-Northern cultures are very in tune with astronomical events- equinoxes, solstices, etc
-Henge- is a mounded wall with ditch
-Marked place with controlled access- perhaps sacred or religious space, perhaps power site
-Phase 3- stones are erected, dragged from far away and erected in concentric circles
-Phase 2- animal bones in ditch
-Transformed over hundreds of years- meaning and function likely are shifting
-Using mortice (knob) and tenon (groove) joint system to lock blocks
-Aligned celestially
-Often overread, suggested connection to pyramids, bullshit
-Neolithic Britain- large monumental structure with celestial connection
-Not alonge- Avebury, 2600 BCE, Ring of Brodgar, Orkney- 2500-2000 BCEStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingship

10. image cut from stone; protrudes; In sculpture, figures projecting from a background of which they are part; carve out part of stone so pops out

Stele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipReliefHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lighting

11. The wide entrance gateway of an Egyptian temple, characterized by its sloping walls

PylonStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingship

12. A low-fired opaque glasslike silicate glaze used for ceramics; greenish bluish; paste

Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Faience

13.

This is

Hatshepsut with offering jars
ca. 1473-1458 BCE (Egypt)
Red granite
from upper court of her mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt
-Depicts queen as a male pharaohStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lighting

14. The fenestrated part of a building that rises above the roofs of the other parts. The oldest known clerestories are Egyptian; shines light through?

Stele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingClerestory

15. 8,000- ca. 3,000/2,300 BCE (depends on where)
-Grow own food & domesticate animals, formation of the first settled communities
-Brought the birth of monumental sculpture
-Middle East
-No texts, we have to guess
-Death
-Astronomu
-Civilization --> specialization, gov't
-'religion'
-Monumental building

Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'NeolithicHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lighting

16. a type of drinking vessel used in ancient Greece, typically having the form of an animal's head or a horn, with the hole for drinking at the bottom.

Stele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingRhyton

17. -Anatola, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Great rivers
-Mesopotamia=core of region, land between rivers
-Ziggurat-step temple to gods
-Organized religion with gods
-Power --> kings (fancy robes, hats/headdresses)
-Different methods to kingship/legitimacy (awe, terror, harmony, peace)
-Divinity
-Gov't --> law codes (writing!!!!!)
-Empires
-Trade

Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Ancient Near East

18. An arch formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, cantilevered inward until the two walls meet in an arch

Corbeled ArchStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipHypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lighting

19.

This is

Stele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingCorbeled gallery in the walls of the citadel, Tiryns
ca. 1400-1200 BCE. (aegean)
Stone
in the walls of the citadel, Tiryns, Greece
-Megalithic walls-- huge massive stones
-Vaulting
-Light wells- shoot arrows arrow
-Defensive powerful architectureStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingship

20.

This is

Beaker with animal decoration, Susa
ca. 4000 BCE (ancient near east)
Painted ceramic
Susa, Iran
-Carry wealth with into afterworld
-Used for burials
-8000 beakers, only 1000 today
-Huge ceramic industry, style, at single site
-Powerful
-Scorpions=fertilityStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lighting

21.

This is

Stele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingSnake Goddess
ca. 1600 BCE (aegean)
Faience
Knossos (Crete), Greece
-Votive, bizarre
-Shirt open, breasts out
-Terrifying, holding 2 snakes, cat on head
-Egyptian material
-Had been buried
-Body=geometric forms
-FertilityStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingship

22. An Egyptian cobra; one of the emblems of pharaonic kingship; cobra on headdress; protection

23.

This is

Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingshipLandscape with volcanic eruption, Catal Hoyuk
ca. 6150 BCE (neolithic)
Wall Painting
Catal Hoyuk, Turkey
-One of the oldest mural paintings that may represent the settlement during a volcanic eruption. It is the first known landscape in which neither humans nor animals appear
-No streets, all buildings together
-Confronted felines (ca. 6000 BCE)
-Narrative-- showing historic event
-Map of city/townStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'

24.

This is

25.

This is

Assurbanipal hunting lions (relief)
ca. 645-640 BCE (ancient near east)
Gypsum
north palace of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh, Iraq
-The hunt was common subject of Assyrian palace reliefs. They viewed hunting and killing lions as manly royal virtues on a par with victory in warfare
-Brutal, gruesome
-Slaughtering done at festivals in front of guests
-Makes offering over dead lions bodies--ceremony
-Represent power/kingship with aggressive slaughterStele of Hammurabi
ca. 1780 BCE (ancient near east)
Basalt
Susa, Iran
-Stele with the laws of Hammurabi
-Crowning the stele recording Hammurabi's laws is a representation of the flame-shouldered sun god Shamash extending to the Babylonian king the symbols of his authority to govern and judge
-Eye for eye-retribution
-Holding hand in front of mouth- not worthy of speaking directly
-Measuring devices- rod & ring
-'I made all these laws- the gods chose me and they like the laws'Hypostyle hall, temple of Amen-Re, Karnak
ca. 1290-1224 BCE (Egypt)
temple of Amen, Re, Karnak, Egypt
-Massive columns
-Built by Ramses II
-Continuously add to the complex to herald Amun Re, complex begun 15th C BCE
-Sun passing east to west is important part of pharaonic culture and rituals
-Series of Pylons (gates)
-First pylon- has alignment of sphinxes leading to entrance
-Giant courtyard with entrance to second pylon
-Pharaoh (Ramses?) raising mace to smite enemies
-Then enter hypostyle hall- columns are carved with reliefs
-Has clerestory- create dramatic effects of lightingStele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE (ancient near east)
Pink sandstone
Susa, Iran
-To commemorate his conquest of the Lullibi, Naram-Sin set up this stele showing him leading his army up a mountain. The sculptor staggered the figures, abandoning the traditional register format
-Teaches us about how kingship changed
-Begging king for Mercy
-Wearing helmet with horns-- only gods wear these hats- symbol of divinity= divine kingship

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | OSHA Basics Quiz | What Should We Know? Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson© 2026 Fatskills.com

All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | OSHA Basics Quiz | What Should We Know?
Privacy | Terms |

Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com