1. What organelle is the site at which proteins' oligosaccharides are added or changed?

2. What organelle is the site at which cholesterol is made?

3. In the extracellular matrix of lung cells, you would expect to find:

4. You inject cells with a growth factor to take them into G1. After 10 hours, you inject one group of cells with an antibody against cyclin D (inhibiting its function). After 14 hours, you inject a second group of cells with this antibody. After 16 hours, you inject a third group. The fourth group of cells, a control group, is not injected with antibodies. You label these cells in order to see whether DNA synthesis (i.e. growth) has occurred in them. You find that the cells injected with anti-cyclin D after 10 hours show no DNA synthesis; those injected after 14 hours show about half as much synthesis as the control group; those injected after 16 hours show the same amount of synthesis as the control group. From these results, what can you conclude about the presence or absence of a restriction point related to the G1 phase?

5. The following protein example describes which level of its structure? This protein's sequence of amino acids is argenine-argenine-lysine-glycine-valine-serine.

6. A sperm is amotile (non-moving), because its flagellum does not function properly. What could cause this?

7. Identify the mitotic phase or cell behavior during which the following occurs in animal cells: chromosomes are lined up along the mitotic spindle.

8. Identify the stage of meiosis I prophase during which the following occurs: homologous chromosomes are tightly 'zippered' together into a synaptonemal complex.

9. Which of the following is an example of uniport?

10. Which of the following is an example of a repressor of transcription?

11. If you were an active organism (for example, an animal) and wanted to store energy efficiently, what type of molecule would be best suited for this purpose?

12. A plant seed would need which of the following organelles for energy, as it converts fatty acids to carbohydrates?

13. Which major membrane component includes molecules that span the membrane, remaining fixed in it, as well as molecules that are indirectly associated with the membrane?

14. The viscosity of membranes depends on temperature and on aspects of their lipid components. If you increased the temperature of a bacterial culture, which of the following would need to happen in order to maintain the original viscosity of the bacteria's membranes?

15. In which cell-cycle phase(s) would you expect the early embryonic cell to be?

16. You want to be able to observe a cell during specific points in mitosis. You expose the cell to a drug that prevents sister chromatids from separating. At which step of the mitotic cycle have you arrested the cell?

17. Because uncontrolled cell proliferation is a characteristic of cancer cells, drugs used in cancer treatment often try to inhibit mitosis. What is one way in which such a drug could function?

18. A cell's vesicles are not being transported throughout the cytoplasm, its Golgi apparatus is disassembled, and its endoplasmic reticulum is not extended in its normal position. What could cause this?

19. Which of the following is not one of the ways in which meiosis is different from mitosis?

20. Identify the stage of meiosis I prophase during which Recombination occurs.

21. Which of the following types of organelles would you expect to see in abundance in liver cells?

22. A molecule that is not membrane permeable binds to a membrane protein on the outside of a cell. This changes the conformation of the protein, causing the binding site to face the inside of the cell. The molecule is then released into the cell and the conformation of the binding site changes again so that it is outside the cell. This is a description of what type of transport(er)?

23. The following describes the functions and roles of members of which of the four major classes of organic molecules? They function as a form of energy storage for plant and animal cells and structure for plant cells, and they are cell-surface markers and cell-signaling molecules.

24. Which of the following occurs in bacterial cells during mitosis and cell division?

25. The following protein example describes which level of its structure? Hemoglobin is a 'heterotetramer' because it has four polypeptide chains that do not interact symmetrically.