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BIOL 101 Exam
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BIOL 101 Exam
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25 Questions

1.
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water by 1 degree Celsius
> the unit of energy intake for the body

2.
small fragments of cells that aid in blood clotting process

3.
covers the body's external surfaces + protects the underlying tissues/organs; 3 layers
> controls evaporation of body fluids
> regulates heat loss
> stores fat
> makes vitamin D

4.
a type of bone cell that produces new bone

5.
mixture of food + gastric juices (stomach acid)

6. the outermost layer of the digestive tract

7. a type of plasma protein that helps with blood clotting

8. blood circulates from the heart to the rest of the body, transporting oxygen + other materials in the process (becomes deoxygenated afterward)

9.
includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, and bronchi
> facilitates gas exchange by bringing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide

10.
glands associated with the skin that excrete materials like oil (sebum), water/sweat, and milk
> ex. sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands

11. a group of organs working together to perform a larger set of essential body functions
> ex. various muscles (smooth, cardiac, skeletal) working together in muscular system to aid movement/stability

12.
produces urine while conserving useful blood-borne materials

13. exchange of gases between the outside atmosphere + the cells of the body
> capturing of oxygen + disposal of carbon dioxide
> control blood's pH balance
> facilitate speech by allowing sounds to be made

14. the THICK protein filament of myofibrils that interacts w/ actin to shorten the sarcomere + contract the muscle
> myosin binds to actin to cause this shortening/contraction of the muscle fiber

15.
performs chemical breakdown of food with stomach acid (as well as some mechanical breakdown from 'churning')
> also acts as a temporary storage site for food

16.
long-distance chemical signals produced by endocrine glands that cause a variety of effects in the body
> ex. testosterone, estradiol, adrenaline, insulin

17.
the primary organ of the cardiovascular system that pumps blood throughout the body; contains 4 muscular sections

18.
holds + compacts leftover digestive material, turning it into feces; returns water to general circulation + absorbs vitamins made by intestinal bacteria

19.
a structure made up of several different tissues working together to perform a specific function
> ex. epithelial + muscle + nervous tissues in stomach working together to facilitate digestion of food

20.
a type of connective tissue found in the skeletal system
> provides support/stability + energy storage
> site of blood cell production

21.
breathing carbon dioxide OUT OF the lungs

22.
junctures that exist wherever two bones meet
> some joints = strong, stable linkage, other joints = lots of flexibility
> joints usually contain cartilage padding to absorb shock + provide lubrication

23.
a type of exocrine gland that produces sebum

24.
blockages caused by...
> a buildup of plaque (made of cholesterol) in the wall of a coronary artery
> movement of plaque into the bloodstream
> formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery that completely cuts off blood supply to heart cells

25.
includes the chest (thoracic cavity) and abdomen (abdominopelvic cavity), separated by the diaphragm
> 'front' of the body

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