___________________ are released, one of which is endothelin which is a vasoconstrictor, and its release is associated with a poor prognosis. TNF and IL-6 both contribute to ventricular hypertrophy and remodeling. TNF prevents the synthesis of nitric oxide (thus causing vasoconstriction), induces myocyte apoptosis, and causes weakness and weight loss. IL-6 further activates the immune system.

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1. ___________________ are released, one of which is endothelin which is a vasoconstrictor, and its release is associated with a poor prognosis. TNF and IL-6 both contribute to ventricular hypertrophy and remodeling. TNF prevents the synthesis of nitric oxide (thus causing vasoconstriction), induces myocyte apoptosis, and causes weakness and weight loss. IL-6 further activates the immune system.