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Carpentry Basics
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Carpentry Basics
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1. Point of elevation reference - established by local authorities - from which other elevations in the area are measured. Often referred to as the point of beginning (POB).

2. One of the slopes required on a lot to ensure water drainage away from the building.

3. Height of the first floor after finish materials have been applied - in relation to the benchmark established on the construction site.

4. Foundation system that combines concrete foundation walls with a concrete floor slab that rests directly on a bed of gravel that has been placed over the ground. Also called slab-on-grade.

5. Removing or adding soil to the surface of the lot so that there is enough slope for surface water to flow away from the building.

6. Earth material consisting of fine mineral particles that are midway in size between sand and clay.

7. Greatest amount of compression that a material can withstand before it fractures.

8. Drawing in which inches or inch-fractions represent one foot of the actual measurement of a building.

9. Metal connector use to fasten the foundation to the side of the sill plate.

10. Line set up on batter-boards to represent outside face of the exterior wall of a building.

11. Solid layer of rock beneath the earthen materials.

12. Type of foundation constructed with a stem wall supported by spread footing.

13. One of the lines drawn on a survey plan and some plot plans pass through points having the same elevation on a lot.

14. Distance between center points of framing members or other building components.

15. Construction material of cement - sand - and gravel. Used for foundations - entire buildings - flatwork - and many other types of structures.

16. Ground and calcined (heated) mixture of limestone - shells - cement rock - silica sand - clay - shale - iron ore - gypsum - and clinker.

17. Square - round - or battered concrete base set in the soil to directly support posts or columns. Also used to directly support grade beams.

18. Soil or gravel use to fill the space between a completed foundation wall and the excavated areas on one or both sides of the wall.

19. Stake placed in the corner of a lot when the lot is being surveyed and its exact boundaries established.

20. Drawing in a set of prints that gives a plan view as well as section views of the foundation of a building.

21. Type of foundation with the footing extending from only one side of the foundation wall.

22. Foundation with inside sloped walls to provide a wide base.

23. Metal connectors that provide a solid connection between the foundation and structural members to resist uplift and lateral forces.

24. Concrete mixed at a batch plant and delivered by truck to the job site.

25. Ingredient that binds together sand and gravel in a concrete mixture after water is added.

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