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Benzoic Acid

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Benzoic Acid

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1. NaCl&methylene blue, KMnO4

Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)more solute is soluble in a hot solvent than in a cold solventDensity1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

2. 1.32 g/cm3

more solute is soluble in a hot solvent than in a cold solvent1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Density

3. To determine the melting point of the benzoic acid crystals -

Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Densitymore solute is soluble in a hot solvent than in a cold solvent

4. Why was benzoic acid dissolved in minimum amount of hot water?

DensityImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.more solute is soluble in a hot solvent than in a cold solvent

5. Why must the benzoic acid in the hot water be dissolved quickly?

Density1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)To prevent the solution from cooling

6. What was the apparatus used?

Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Densitybeaker, Buchner funnel, vacuum pump, filter paper, melting point tubes, thermometer, Bunsen burner, clock glass.1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

7. Recrystallization

DensityInvolves dissolution of the solid in an appropriate solvent at an elevated temp. And the subsequent re-formation of the crystals upon cooling, so that any impurities remain in solution1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)

8. Separation

Process that change the relative amounts of substances in a mixtureImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Density1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

9. C7H6O2

Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)DensityChemical formula1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

10. Solubility

Density1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.The quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution)Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)

11. Acetone, benzene, CCl4, chloroform, ethanol, ethy ether, hexane, methanol, toluene

1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.DensityImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Soluble in:

12. 122-123C

1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Melting pointDensity

13. Impurities

Density1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Substance inside a confined amount of liquid, gas, solid which differ from the chemical composition of the material or compoundImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)

14. 122.12 g/mol

Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Density1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Molecular weight

15. Carboxybenzene, benzene carboxylic acid, pheny methanoic acid

Other name1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Density

16. Low

1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Solubility in cold eaterDensityImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)

17. Colorless crystalline solid

Appearance1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Density

18. High

DensitySolubility in hot waterImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

19. 249C

Impurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Boiling pointDensity1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

20. Why was minium hot water used?

DensityImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Minimum so that the benzoic acid does not remain in solution on cooling to maximise the yield

21. How are the crystals tested for purity?

DensityImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Checking their melting point1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

22. Purification

1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Process of isolating and thus removing substances considered to be contaminantsImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Density

23. Describe the method

DensityImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)1. About 5 g of benzoic acid was placed in a beaker. 2. This was dissolved in the minimum amount of hot water. 3. First filtration - This hot solution was filtered through a Buchner funnel (under suction, so, fast). Insoluble impurities remain on the filter paper. 4. The filtrate was allowed to cool slowly. 5. Second filtration - The excess solvent was filtered off and the crystals remain on the filter paper and were allowed to dry.1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

24. 0.34 g/100ml

1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.Solubility of benzoic acid in 25C of waterImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)Density

25. Lungs and nervous system

DensityToxicityImpurities in the exp. (substance impurity)&(color impurity)1. Some crystals were put into a melting point tube until there was about 0.5 cm of the crystals at the end of the tube. 2. Using a rubber band the tube was attached to a thermometer as shown below. 3. A boiling tube was half filled with liquid paraffin and the tube and thermometer were placed in the boiling tube. 4. This was placed over a Bunsen burner and heated. The liquid paraffin was stirred thoroughly throughout. 5. The temperature at which the crystals started to melt was noted and recorded. 6. The paraffin was allowed to cool about 10 C and a fresh melting point tube with crystals was put in the boiling tube. 7. The paraffin was heated again, more slowly this time and the temperature at which the crystals melted was again noted. Melting is indicated by the formation of a visible meniscus.

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