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CLEP Chemistry 2
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CLEP Chemistry 2
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1. In biology - these isotopes have the advantage of not delivering a radiation dose to the system being studied; however - a significant excess of them in the organ or organism might still interfere with its functionality - and the availability of suff

2. The rate of transport for gases is dominated by the collisions between molecules - which force their trajectories into tortuous shapes. The molecular collisions are in turn controlled by the forces between the molecules and are described by the laws

3. Typically - the isotopic substitution is made with an atom that takes part in the reaction. This will produce a primary isotope effect. If the substitution is made with an atom that does not directly participate in the reaction - a secondary isotope

4. Isotopes that are formed by the interaction of cosmic rays with the nucleus of an atom. These can be used for dating purposes and for use as natural tracers. It is possible to obtain the origin of bullets - ages of ice samples/rocks - and the diet of

5. A covalent chemical bond where two lobes of one involved electron orbital overlap two lobes of the other involved electron orbital.

6. While the particles making up a gas are too small to be visible - the jittering motion of pollen grains or dust particles which can be seen under a microscope - known as Brownian motion - results directly from collisions between the particle and gas

7. Electrons in a molecule or solid metal that are not associated with a single atom or one covalent bond. They are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms.

8. One of the three fundamental states of matter - in which matter has no definite shape - is very fluid - and has a density about 0.1% that of liquids.

9. A type of hybridization that results from the combination of the s orbital and all three p orbitals in the second energy level of carbon - resulting in four hybrid orbitals and occurs when a carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms. The geometric ar

10. Atoms connected via a double bond or triple bond have - in addition to one sigma bond - one or two ___ bonds - respectively.

11. Term in chemistry used to explain properties of the octet rule when a single Lewis structure is inadequate. An average of two of more Lewis structures which differ only in the position of their electrons.

12. A simple chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells - giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas.

13. There are no pi bonds in a _________ - only a sigma bond.

14. In high quantities they require precautions to guard the workers from the effects of radiation

15. Rule: The sum of the mass numbers of the reactants equals the sum of the mass numbers of the products.

16. Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. They are similar to electron dot diagrams in that the valence electrons in lone pairs are represented as dots - but they also c

17. They have neither a definite size nor shape - whereas ordinary solids have both a definite size and a definite shape - and liquids have a definite size - or volume - even though they adapt their shape to that of the container in which they are placed

18. The distinguishing feature of this type of bond is that the overlap region lies directly between the two nuclei of both shared atoms.

19. The property of a compound having simultaneously the characteristics of two or more structural forms that differ only in the distribution of electrons. Such compounds are highly stable and cannot be properly represented by a single structural formula

20. The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles (ionizing radiation). The emission is spontaneous - in that the nucleus decays without collision with another particle or atom. The decay is a stochastic (i.e

21. A theory explains macroscopic properties of gases - such as pressure - temperature - or volume - by considering their molecular composition and motion. Essentially - the theory posits that pressure is due not to static repulsion between molecules - a

22. They consist of a vast number of molecules moving chaotically in all directions and colliding with one another and with the walls of their container. Beyond this - there is no structure

23. A type of radiation that are high-energy photons with a very short wavelength (0.0005 to 0.1 nm). The emission of this radiation results from an energy change within the atomic nucleus. This type of emission changes neither the atomic number nor the

24. The energy and particles which are released during the decomposition process (radioactivity) are called?

25. In biology - the stable isotope of nitrogen - has also been used. It is incorporated mainly into proteins.

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