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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics
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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics
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1. Is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data.

2. A measure that is relevant or appropriate as a representation of that property.

3. Cov[X - Y] :

4. Describes a characteristic of an individual to be measured or observed.

5. Have no meaningful rank order among values.

6. A variable has a value or numerical measurement for which operations such as addition or averaging make sense.

7. Is the probability of an event - ignoring any information about other events. The marginal probability of A is written P(A). Contrast with conditional probability.

8. Var[X] :

9. A variable describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or a group.

10. Is one that explores the correlation between smoking and lung cancer. This type of study typically uses a survey to collect observations about the area of interest and then performs statistical analysis. In this case - the researchers would collect o

11. Given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y - the marginal distribution of X is simply the probability distribution of X ignoring information about Y.

12. Is the function that gives the probability distribution of a random variable. It cannot be negative - and its integral on the probability space is equal to 1.

13. There are two major types of causal statistical studies: In both types of studies - the effect of differences of an independent variable (or variables) on the behavior of the dependent variable are observed. The difference between the two types lies

14. Occurs when a subject receives no treatment - but (incorrectly) believes he or she is in fact receiving treatment and responds favorably.

15. S^2

16. Any specific experimental condition applied to the subjects

17. Is the exact middle value of a set of numbers Arrange the numbers in numerical order. Find the value in the middle of the list.

18. Is its expected value. The mean (or sample mean of a data set is just the average value.

19. Because variables conforming only to nominal or ordinal measurements cannot be reasonably measured numerically - sometimes they are grouped together as

20. Is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. Roughly speaking - a distribution has positive skew (right-skewed) if the higher tail is longer and negative skew (left-skewed) if the lower tail is longe

21. Is a process of selecting observations to obtain knowledge about a population. There are many methods to choose on which sample to do the observations.

22. Is a sample and the associated data points.

23. Is a function that gives the probability of all elements in a given space: see List of probability distributions

24. Can be - for example - the possible outcomes of a dice roll (but it is not assigned a value). The distribution function of a random variable gives the probability of different results. We can also derive the mean and variance of a random variable.

25. A list of individuals from which the sample is actually selected.

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