A construction foundation is the lowest part of a building or civil structure that touches the soil. It transfers the weight of the structure to the soil safely.  There are many types of foundation types, including: Strip foundation A strip of concrete that runs under all load-bearing walls. Strip foundations are a popular choice because they are strong and durable. The depth and width of a strip foundation depends on the soil and load of the superstructure. Pile foundation A type of deep foundation that transfers the load of the superstructure to a stiff layer through weak soil. Pile... Show more

A construction foundation is the lowest part of a building or civil structure that touches the soil. It transfers the weight of the structure to the soil safely. 

There are many types of foundation types, including:

Strip foundation
A strip of concrete that runs under all load-bearing walls. Strip foundations are a popular choice because they are strong and durable. The depth and width of a strip foundation depends on the soil and load of the superstructure.
Pile foundation
A type of deep foundation that transfers the load of the superstructure to a stiff layer through weak soil. Pile foundations are usually made of concrete, steel, or wood.
Individual footing
A common type of foundation used when the load of the building is carried by columns. Individual footings distribute loads from the superstructure across the surface area so that the soil's bearing strength is not exceeded.
Raft foundation
A continuous slab that rests on the soil and covers the entire area of the proposed structure. Raft foundations are categorized based on their intended use.
Shallow foundation
A stable platform for buildings that provides long-term performance and safety. Shallow foundations are relatively cost-effective, easier to construct, and suitable for most soil types and structures.
Caisson foundation
A hollow cylinder depressed into the soil up to the desired level and then filled with concrete. Caisson foundations are mostly used as bridge piers. 

The type of foundation used depends on considerations such as:
The nature of the load requiring support
Ground conditions
The presence of water
Space availability
Accessibility
Sensitivity to noise and vibration

Foundations topics include: Foundation and footing types, special foundations, foundations based on conditions, failure causes and preventive measures.

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Building & Construction Practice Test: Foundations

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25 Questions

1. A _________ foundation is a special type of isolated footing, generally provided for heavy loaded steel structure specially in those location where bearing of soil is poor.

RaftInverted archCombineGrillage

2. The formula d=a×√(3q)/m is used to calculate _________

Height of columnDepth of concrete bed blockHeight of footingDepth of soil

3. Identify the given type of foundation below.

Stepped foundationShallow foundationSloped foundationSingle foundation

4. The motor used as the binding material in the masonry construction shrinks and gets compressed when loaded excessively before it has fully set which leads to the __________

Atmospheric actionUnequal settlement of the sub-soilLateral pressure on the superstructureUnequal settlement of the masonry

5. ________ results rain water carrying certain Chemicals and salt which reacts with the material used for the foundation work and turn them into powder.

Unequal settlement of the soilTranspiration of trees and shrubsAtmospheric actionLateral pressure on the superstructure

6. The proper watering or curing for a period of at least 10 days should be done to the missionary work in case of ________

Unequal settlement of the sub-soilUnequal settlement of the masonryLateral pressure on the superstructureHorizontal movement of the earth

7. In case of kinetic load, it is desirable to provide ___________ at the top as well as and the bottom of the foundation block.

MasonryPiersReinforcementExtra beam

8. Identify the given type of foundation below.

Tension pileBatter pileFriction pileFender pile

9. The cavities or old Wells occur during excavation of the foundation trenches are filled with _________

ConcreteHard materialMurumRocks

10. .To minimise the transmission of __________ the machine Foundation should be isolated from the adjoining parts of the building."

MoistureTurning momentVibrationsElectricity

11. _______ consist of constructing the inverted arches between the piers.

Grillage foundationRaft foundationInverted arch foundationCombine foundation

12. _______ occurs due to various reasons such as unequal distribution of load on the foundations, varying bearing power of the sub soil, eccentricity of the load, etc.

Unequal settlement of the masonryWithdrawal of moisture from the sub-soilHorizontal movement of the earthUnequal settlement of the sub-soil

13. Identify the type of foundation below.

Compaction pileSheet pileEnd bearing pileAnchor pile

14. What is the value of angle of response for clay(dry) soil.

30°10°60°45°

15. ____________ indicates the dead load or weight of the machine for which Foundation is to be provided.

Dead loadKinetic loadStatic loadLive load

16. Identify the given footing below.

Steeped footingSimple pad footingStepped pad footingStrip footing

17. Identify the given footing below.

Isolated footingStrip footingCombine footingReinforced footing

18. Which types of foundation should be adopted when the ground is sloping and it is economical to provide Foundation at the same level.

Pad foundationStepped foundationSimple foundationPier foundation

19. In case of ________ it is seen that the allowable bearing pressure on the soil is not exceeded, even under the worst conditions.

Atmospheric actionWithdrawal of moisture from the sub-soilUnequal settlement of the sub-soilTranspiration of trees and shrubs

20. Which type of foundation should be adopted in a clayey or lose type of soil which considerably swells and shrinks by variation in the moisture content.

Raft foundationCantilever foundationGrillage foundationInverted arch foundation

21. Identify the given type of foundation below.

Stepped foundationSloped foundationShallow foundationSingle foundation

22. The ________ foundations are useful for public buildings, office buildings, School buildings, residential quarters, etc.

ConcentratedRaftGrillageInverted arch

23. Which Foundation is used when the wall carries light loads or when the safe bearing pressure is very high?

Grillage footingSimple pad footingStrap footingSimple Strip footing

24. A spread is given under the base of a wall or common is known as ________

PierFootingPilesPlinth

25. ________ foundation is provided for heavily loaded Timber column or masonry wall.

Steel grillageTimber grillageRaftInverted arch