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DSST Introduction To The Modern Middle East
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DSST Introduction To The Modern Middle East
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1. The majority branch of Islam - whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad.

2. A Palestine-wide rebellion against Zionists and British; put down harshly by the latter.

3. Group of revolutionary and nationalistic Turks who revolted against Ottoman empire in 1908 - attempting to bring reform - and then sided with the central powers in WWI.

4. British administrator in Egypt - later the Earl of Cromer; reformed economy to improve peasants while still maintaining commercial interests there.

5. 1989. End of Lebanon civil war. Gave Muslims greater role in politics. Reduced authority of President. Changed religious representation in parliament to make it more equal.

6. Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in October 1973 (on Yom Kippur); Israel counterattacked - drove the Syrians back - and crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt.

7. Successor of Nasser and served as President of Egypt from 1970-1981; allowed the Muslim Brotherhood to operate as a political party; made peace with Israel in 1978; caused Egypt to be expelled from the Arab League; assassinated by Khalid Islambuli in

8. July 26 - 1956 - Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal - Oct. 29 - British - French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. Egypt defeated its opponents soundly - with Soviet backing.

9. Group of young Egyptian military officers - led by Nasser - which overthrew the monarchy and British advisors in 1952.

10. Albanian; went to Eygpt with the Ottoman expeditionary force to drive out the French; ruler of Eygpt; instituted several Westernized reforms; put private lands under state control.

11. Son of Sharif Husayn; ruler of Trans-Jordan and later first king of Jordan.

12. Son of Sharif Husayn; leader of Arab Revolt; later king of Iraq.

13. A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities - with each millet (nation) enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.

14. Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories.

15. 1955 - A treaty supported by the West that united the defenses of Iraq - Turkey - Pakistan - and Iran - to counter the threat of the expansion of the Soviet Union.

16. An empire formed by Turkish and Persian Sunnis - lasting from 1037 to 1194 A.D.

17. The mother of an Ottoman Sultan - ruler of the harem and a very powerful woman - especially if her son was very young.

18. A form of Islamic constitutional republic.

19. With help from the British (specifically - T.E. Lawrence) - Sharif Husayn bin Ali of Mecca led a revolt against the Ottoman Empire - in order to create an independent Arab nation. He won the battle - but received no country.

20. The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem from 1921 to 1948 - famous for his cooperation with the Nazis against the Jews.

21. Zionist leaders declared independence and declared the Republic of Israel. Syria - Lebanon - Jordan - Egypt and Iraq refused to recognize the nation and went to war. Arabs invaded - Israeli won.

22. A war (1990-1991) that took place between Iraq and the U.S./Kuwait started by Iraq invading Kuwait; First non-containment based war since WWII; Often referred to as Operation Desert Storm; Iraq lost badly.

23. Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire - the Ottoman Empire was based in Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. After World War I - the Allies partitioned it into protec

24. Creator of the Pan-Arabism movement - which advocates the creation of a united Arab state.

25. Agreements between the Ottoman Empire and European powers that gave European bankers and merchants high advantages.

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