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International Relations

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1. the international system according to liberals

Not as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsFive assumptions: anarchy, uncertainty, survival, rationality, and offensive capability -different prediction/ conclusion: -states maximize power -relative power matters -best way to survive is to be the most powerful in the system -all states are revisionist -emphasis on state type- greedy and security-seekers/ status quoDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

2. fourth world

Mitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeFive assumptions: anarchy, uncertainty, survival, rationality, and offensive capability -different prediction/ conclusion: -states maximize power -relative power matters -best way to survive is to be the most powerful in the system -all states are revisionist -emphasis on state type- greedy and security-seekers/ status quoNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and security

3. oye

Not as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsFive assumptions: anarchy, uncertainty, survival, rationality, and offensive capability -different prediction/ conclusion: -states maximize power -relative power matters -best way to survive is to be the most powerful in the system -all states are revisionist -emphasis on state type- greedy and security-seekers/ status quo

4. offensive realism

Defense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsFive assumptions: anarchy, uncertainty, survival, rationality, and offensive capability -different prediction/ conclusion: -states maximize power -relative power matters -best way to survive is to be the most powerful in the system -all states are revisionist -emphasis on state type- greedy and security-seekers/ status quoNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and security

5. defensive realism

Not as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securitySame starting assumptions as neorealism, but portrays a less competitive world where more cooperation is possible -emphasis on the SDMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

6. waltz

Not as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsTheory of international politics -man, the state, and war realist thought and non-realist theoryDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

7. issue indivisibility

States cannot reach a peaceful settlement -the nature of some issues cannot produce a compromise -ex: abortionNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

8. third world

No security dilemma- no need for one- but there are security problems- offense has the advantage so attack is easy -no SD, but aggression is possibleDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and security

9. Theory/ what makes a good theory

Mitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsA series of laws that correspond with a specific action or set of behaviors -explain laws -is the theory logically sound? -does it explain the evidence? -does it have few assumptions?Not as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

10. mearsheimer

Anarchy and the struggle for power -offensive realist -believes that power states want more than just security- want to be a hegemon -relative power and the amount of power a state has in the present day and will have in the future is difficult to tell -no amount of cooperation can eliminate dominance and the security dilemma -as long as states remain anarchic, peace is not likelyMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and security

11. offense-defense theory

War is more likely when nations can easily dominate each other -offensive advantage means it is easier to attack another state -defensive advantage means it is easier to protect your own land -if a state has to spend one more dollar than another state on defense, it has the defensive advantage, and vice versa for offense -the advantage can be determined by geology and technology -geology- flat vs. mountainous, landlocked vs. island, has large powers around it- Germany and UK -technology- weapons -nuclear weapons are neither- they are deterrents -cannot characterize a state has offense or defense- only policies and actionsMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and security

12. mueller

13. revisionist states

threaten status quoNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

14. copeland

Defense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityEconomic interdependence and war -liberal -economic interdependence: -the less dependent state has an incentive to coerce the other state -high interdependence help foster peace -according to realists, interdependence will only increase the chance of war as states seek to reduce the vulnerability that dependence brings | Interdependence can lead to both peace and war -realism- trade and investment flows can lead to peace by giving states an incentive to avoid conflicts and war -democratic peace: -democracies with high trade are more peacefulMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politics

15. anarchy

Mitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsAnarchy means self-help -what one state does affects everyone else, so the reactions of other states have to be taken into account -the absence of political authority -international politics or the international system is said to be anarchic as there is no world government- no central or superordinate authority over states, which retain their sovereign rights Not as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

16. morgenthau

Mitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityClassical realist -the root of conflict and evil stems from the desire for power -power is the ultimate goal -six principles of political realism

17. shadow of the future

Mitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsOye's argument -iterative prisoner's dilemma- occurs many times over -the fact that a state will be facing the same decision down the road will affect their initial decision -states will never deal with each other just once -this helps regulate behavior in the present -can be regulated through the creation of international institutionsNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

18. prisoners dilemma

A metaphor for understanding why cooperation is difficult in the international system -PD- type situations capture the kind of collective goods problem common to IR -game explains why cooperation can fail to occur in international systems -preference ordering: DC (A 25, B free) >CC (1 year each) >DD (10 years each) >CD (A free, B 25)Not as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politics

19. motivational/neoclassical realism

20. logic of appropriateness

Defense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeThe taboo could enter the decision making process instrumentally in the form of a perceived cost, manifesting itself as an exogenously given constraint on decision making -the taboo become widespread and pervasive- no longer attached only to actors to hold itNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politics

21. international institutions

Mitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsHigh levels of interdependence means high costs of war -war will also cost you the loss of an economic partner -Fwaltthe rules that govern world politics and the organizations that implement those rules -important to maintain world order- superpowers need general rules -not always successful -structures of rules and norms that could be more or less formal -provide transparency and certainty -instead of imposing themselves on states, they should listen to the demands of the statesDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and security

22. Thucydides

Defense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityHegemonic realism -the melian dialouge

23. paradigm

Mitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeA basic outlook of the world

24. 3 types of effects of norms

Defense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safeRegulative: -impose costs -against using nuclear weapons first | Constitutive: -feels wrong -boundaries with implications for behavior and identity| permissive: -other behaviors become more common -a subset a constitutive effects -unintended consequences of the operation of a normMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and security

25. snyder

one world, rival theoriesMitigating anarchy -shadow of the future -the conditions for cooperation in world politicsNot as a structure, but a process -actors are international organizations and international corporations -Locke- more cooperation is possible, individuals are endowed with natural rights -system is anarchic, but not a constant state of war -relations between states are not always zero-sum -cooperation is possible -internal characteristics matter for international behavior -states have aims that go beyond survival and securityDefense advantage- differentiation between offensive and defensive, so no security dilemma -doubly safe

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | OSHA Basics Quiz | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com