1.
Action: Extends 2nd distal interphalangeal joint
Origin - Posterior ulna; interosseus membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanx of 2nd digit
Innervation - Deep radial nerve

2.
Action: Pronates forearm
Origin - Distal and anterior ulnar shaft
Insertion - Distal and anterior radius
Innervation - Median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve

3.
Action: Adducts arm; rotates arm medially; extends arm at shoulder
Origin - Inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Innervation - Lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

4.
Action: Flexes forearm at elbow
Origin - Anterior humerus
Insertion - Coronoid process of the ulna
Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

5.
Action: Flexes hand at wrist
Origin - Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion - Palmar aponeurosis
Innervation - Median nerve

6.
Action: Protracts the mandible; opens the mouth; active in grinding actions of chewing
Origin - Superior head - greater wing of the sphenoid bone; inferior head - lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion - Superior head - capsule and & articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; inferior head - neck of the mandible
Innervation - Lateral pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

7.
Action: Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh
Origin - The internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen
Insertion - Greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa
Innervation - Nerve to the obturator internus

8.
Action: Extends 1st interphalangeal joint
Origin - Posterior radius; posterior ulna; interosseus membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanx of pollex
Innervation - Deep radial nerve

9.
Action: Extends leg at knee; flexes thigh at hip
Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris and patellar ligament
Innervation - Femoral nerve

10.
Action: Extends hand at wrist; adducts hand
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus; posterior ulna
Insertion - 5th metacarpal
Innervation - Deep radial nerve

11.
Action: Adducts thigh; flexes thigh at hip; rotates thigh medially
Origin - Superior ramus of pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Innervation - Femoral nerve

12.
Action: Flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit
Origin - Hook of hamate & the flexor retinaculum
Insertion - Proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
Innervation - Ulnar nerve, deep branch

13.
Action: Elevates and protracts the mandible
Origin - Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity of the maxilla
Insertion - Medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
Innervation - Medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

14.
Action: Rotates arm medially
Origin - Subscapular fossa of the scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Innervation - Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6)

15.
Action: Elevates scapula; Downwardly rotates scapula
Origin - Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion - Vertebral border of the scapula
Innervation - Dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4

16.
Action: Depresses scapula; downwardly rotates
scapula
Origin - Ribs 3-5
Insertion - Coracoid process of the scapula
Innervation - Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

17.
Action: Abducts thigh; rotates thigh medially
Origin - Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
Innervation - Superior gluteal nerve

18.
Action: Flexes thigh at hip; flexes vertebral column
Origin - Iliac fossa; ala of the sacrum; transverse processes of T12-L5
Insertion - Lesser trochanter of the femur
Innervation - Dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5

19.
Action: Rotates arm laterally
Origin - Lateral border of the scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation - Axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

20.
Action: Flexes hand at wrist; abducts hand
Origin - Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion - 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Innervation - Median nerve

21.
Action: Adducts thigh; rotates thigh medially
Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis; body of the pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Innervation - Obturator nerve

22.
Action: Elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
Origin - Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6
Insertion - Scalene tubercle of the first rib
Innervation - Brachial plexus, C5-C7

23.
Action: Extends hand at wrist; abducts hand
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion - 2nd metacarpal
Innervation - Radial nerve

24.
Action: Extends thigh at hip; rotates thigh laterally; abducts thigh
Origin - Posterior ilium; sacrum; coccyx
Insertion - Iliotibial tract; gluteal tuberosity of femur
Innervation - Inferior gluteal nerve

25.
Action: elevates scapula; depresses scapula; rotates scapula; adducts scapula
Origin - Occipital bone; spinous processes of
C7-T12
Insertion - Lateral 1/3 of clavicle; spine of scapula; acromion process of scapula
Innervation - motor - spinal accessory (XI), proprioception - C3-C4