Important Constitutional Amendments

▸ The First Amendment 1951, to overcome certain practical difficulties related to Fundamental Rights. It made provision for special treatment of educationally and socially backward classes and added Ninth Schedule to the Constitution.
▸ The Third Amendment 1954, it substituted entry 33 of List III (Concurrent List) of the Seventh Schedule to make it correspond to Article 369.
▸ The Seventh Amendment 1956, was necessitated on account of reorganisation of states on a linguistic basis and changed First and Fourth Schedules.
▸ The Eighth Amendment 1960, extended special provision for reservation of seats for SCs, STs and Anglo-Indians in Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies for a period of 10 years from 1960 to 1970.
▸ The Ninth Amendment 1960, transferred certain territories to Pakistan following September, 1958, Indo-Pak Agreement.
▸ The Tenth Amendment 1961, incorporated the territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in Indian Union.
▸ The Twelfth Amendment 1962, incorporated the territories of Goa, Daman and Diu in Indian Union.
▸ The Thirteenth Amendment 1962, created Nagaland as a State of the Union of India.
▸ The Fourteenth Amendment 1962, incorporated former French Territory of Puducherry in Indian Union.
▸ The Eighteenth Amendment 1966, was made to facilitate reorganisation of Punjab into Punjab and Haryana and also created the UT of Chandigarh.
▸ The Twenty-First Amendment 1967, included Sindhi as the 15th regional language in the Eighth Schedule.
▸ The Twenty-Second Amendment 1969, created a sub-state of Meghalaya within Assam.
▸ The Twenty-Third Amendment 1970, extended the reservation of seats for SC/ST and nomination of Anglo-Indians for a further period of 10 years (upto 1980).
▸ The Twenty-Seventh Amendment 1971, provided for the establishment of the States of Manipur and Tripura, the formation of the Union Territories of Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh.
▸ The Thirty-First Amendment 1973, increased elective strength of Lok Sabha from 525 to 545. Upper limit of representatives of state became 525 from 500.
▸ The Thirty-Sixth Amendment 1975, made Sikkim a state of the Indian Union.
▸ The Forty-Second Amendment 1976, provided supremacy of Parliament and gave primacy to Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights and also added 10 Fundamental Duties. New words-socialist, secular and integrity, were added in the Preamble.
▸ The Forty-Fourth Amendment 1978, restored the normal duration of Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies to 5 Years, Right to Property was deleted from Part III. It limited the power of the government to proclaim internal emergency.
▸ The Forty-Fifth Amendment 1980, extended reservation for SC/ST by 10 years (upto 1990).
▸ The Fifty-Second Amendment 1985, inserted the Tenth Schedule in the Constitution regarding provisions as to disqualification on the grounds of defection.
▸ The Fifty-Fourth Amendment 1986, enhanced salaries of Judges of Supreme Court and High Court.
▸ The Fifty-Fifth Amendment 1986, conferred statehood on Arunachal Pradesh.
▸ The Fifty-Sixth Amendment 1987, Hindi version of the Constitution of India was accepted for all purposes and statehood was also conferred on the UT of Goa.
▸ The Sixty-First Amendment 1989, reduced voting age from 21 to 18 years for Lok Sabha and Assemblies.
▸ The Seventy-Third Amendment 1992, (Panchayati Raj Bill) provided Gram Sabha in villages, direct elections to all seats in Panchayats and reservation of seats for the SC and ST, women and fixing of tenure of 5 years for Panchayats.
▸ The Seventy-Forth Amendment 1992, (Nagar Palika Bill) provided for Constitution of three types of municipalities, reservation of seats for SC and ST, women and the backward class.
▸ The Seventy-Ninth Amendment 1999, extended reservation for the SC/ST for further period of ten years, i.e. up to 25th January, 2010.
▸ The Eightieth Amendment 2001, certain changes were made to tax distribution provided under Articles 269, 270 and 272 of the Constitution.
▸ The Eighty-Fourth Amendment 2001, the number of representatives in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies to freeze to current levels for the next 25th years (till 2026).
▸ The Eighty-Fifth Amendment 2001, provided for consequential seniority in case of promotion (with retrospective effect from 17th June, 1995) by virtue of the rule of reservation for government servants belonging to SCs/STs.
▸ The Eighty-Sixth Amendment 2002, the act deals with the insertion of a new Article 21A after Article 21. The new Article 21A deals with Right to Education 'the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children from the age of 6 to 14 years in such a manner as the state may, by law determine.'
▸ The Eighty-Eighth Amendment 2003, provides for the insertion of a new Article 268A. Service tax levied by union and collected and appropriated by the union and the states. Amendment of Article 270, Amendment of Seventh Schedule.
▸ The Eighty-Ninth Amendment 2003, provides for the Amendment of Article 338. There shall be a National Commission for the SCs/STs.
▸ The Ninety-First Amendment 2003, amended the anti-defection laws and provided for Amendment of Article 75. The total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers shall not exceed 15% of the total number of members of the House of the People.
▸ The Ninety-Second Amendment Act 2003, provided for the Amendment of Eigth Schedule by adding four new regional languages (Bodo, Maithili, Santhali and Dogri) thus, extending the list to 22 languages.
▸ The Ninety-Third Amendment Act 2005, (came into effect on 20th January, 2006) provided for special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the SCs/STs in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions.
▸ The Ninety-Forth Amendment Act 2006, to provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
▸ The Ninety-Fifth Amendment Act 2009, extended reservation for the SC/ST for further period of ten years, that is upto 25th January, 2020.
▸ The Ninety-Sixth Amendmant Act 2011 substituted 'Odia' for 'Oriya'.
▸ The Ninety-Seventh Amendment Act 2011, provided for the Co-operative societies in Part IX B of the Constitution of India. It also amended Article 19 (1) (c) and inserted Article 43B.
▸ The Ninety-Eighth Amendment Act, 2012, Provided for special provisions for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region of the state of Karnataka.
▸ The Ninety-Ninth Amendment Act, 2014, regulates the procedure to be followed by the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) for appointment and transfer of chief Justice and Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts. But Supreme Court declared this unconstitutional and void.
▸ The Hundredth Amendment Act, 2015, deals with the acquiring of territories by India and transfer of certain territories to Bangladesh in pursuance of the agreements and its protocol between India and Bangladesh.
▸ The Hundred and One Amendment Act 2017 deals with the Goods and Services Tax act. The GST is a comprehensive indirect tax levy on manufacture, sale and consumption of goods as well as services at the national level.
▸ The Hundred and Two Amendment Act 2018 provides the constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes.
▸ The Hundred and Three Amendment Act 2018 provideds the 10% Reservation for economically weaker section of society.