transmembrane receptors - bind EC ligand (conformational change outside first)- then internal part of receptor phosphorylates tyrosine sidechains (conformational change) induces: - auto-phosphorylation = first step in signalling cascade- eg Insulin R = 4 subunits (2 alpha EC + 2beta IC) disulfide bonds = outside cell- platelet derived growth factors = single pass protein

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1. transmembrane receptors - bind EC ligand (conformational change outside first)

- then internal part of receptor phosphorylates tyrosine sidechains (conformational change) induces:

- auto-phosphorylation = first step in signalling cascade

- eg Insulin R = 4 subunits (2 alpha EC + 2beta IC) disulfide bonds = outside cell

- platelet derived growth factors = single pass protein