Engineering Materials
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Engineering Materials
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25 Questions

1. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.

2. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress

3. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.

4. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.

5. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB

6. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.

7. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.

8. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.

9. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel

10. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.

11. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.

12. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.

13. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion

14. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.

15. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.

16. Sigma=ln(li/lo)

17. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.

18. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance

19. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.

20. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting

21. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by

22. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values

23. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection

24. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW

25. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)

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