Triz40 Principles
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Triz40 Principles
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1. To compensate for the weight of an object - merge it with other objects that provide lift. To compensate for the weight of an object - make it interact with the environment (e.g. use aerodynamic - hydrodynamic - buoyancy and other forces).

2. Make an object porous or add porous elements (inserts - coatings - etc.). If an object is already porous - use the pores to introduce a useful substance or function.

3. Change from uniform to composite (multiple) materials.

4. Use phenomena occurring during phase transitions (e.g. volume changes - loss or absorption of heat - etc.).

5. Use harmful factors (particularly - harmful effects of the environment or surroundings) to achieve a positive effect. Eliminate the primary harmful action by adding it to another harmful action to resolve the problem. Amplify a harmful factor to such

6. Place one object inside another; place each object - in turn - inside the other. Make one part pass through a cavity in the other.

7. Allow (or design) the characteristics of an object - external environment - or process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operating condition. Divide an object into parts capable of movement relative to each other. If an object (or process

8. Use flexible shells and thin films instead of three dimensional structures. If an object is already porous - use the pores to introduce a useful substance or function.

9. Instead of using rectilinear parts - surfaces - or forms - use curvilinear ones; move from flat surfaces to spherical ones; from parts shaped as a cube (parallelepiped) to ball- shaped structures. Use rollers - balls - spirals - domes. Go from linear

10. Divide an object into independent parts. Make an object easy to disassemble. Increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation.

11. Make an object serve itself by performing auxiliary helpful functions. Use waste resources - energy - or substances.

12. Change the color of an object or its external environment. Change the transparency of an object or its external environment.

13. In a potential field - limit position changes (e.g. change operating conditions to eliminate the need to raise or lower objects in a gravity field).

14. Instead of an unavailable - expensive - fragile object - use simpler and inexpensive copies. Replace an object - or process with optical copies. If visible optical copies are already used - move to infrared or ultraviolet copies.

15. Instead of continuous action - use periodic or pulsating actions. If an action is already periodic - change the periodic magnitude or frequency. Use pauses between impulses to perform a different action.

16. Change the shape of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical. If an object is asymmetrical - increase its degree of asymmetry.

17. Replace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical - acoustic - taste or smell) means. Use electric - magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object. Change from static to movable fields - from unstructured fields to those having str

18. Separate an interfering part or property from an object - or single out the only necessary part (or property) of an object.

19. Use gas and liquid parts of an object instead of solid parts (e.g. inflatable - filled with liquids - air cushion - hydrostatic - hydro- reactive).

20. Replace an inexpensive object with a multiple of inexpensive objects - comprising certain qualities (such as service life - for instance).

21. Make a part or object perform multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts.

22. If it will be necessary to do an action with both harmful and useful effects - this action should be replaced with anti- actions to control harmful effects. Create beforehand stresses in an object that will oppose known undesirable working stresses l

23. Make portions of an object that have fulfilled their functions go away (discard by dissolving - evaporating - etc.) or modify these directly during operation. Conversely - restore consumable parts of an object directly in operation.

24. Use thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials. If thermal expansion is being used - use multiple materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion.

25. Perform - before it is needed - the required change of an object (either fully or partially). Pre- arrange objects such that they can come into action from the most convenient place and without losing time for their delivery.

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