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By the end of this topic, students will be able to:
A full-stack web application consists of three main components:
Suppose we want to build a simple web application that displays a list of books. We can use HTML to structure the content, CSS to style the layout, and JavaScript to dynamically update the list.
<!-- index.html --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Book List</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> </head> <body> <h1>Book List</h1> <ul id="book-list"> <!-- book list will be generated here --> </ul> <script src="script.js"></script> </body> </html>
/* styles.css */ #book-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .book { padding: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; } .book:hover { background-color: #f0f0f0; }
// script.js const bookList = document.getElementById('book-list'); const books = [ { title: 'Book 1', author: 'Author 1' }, { title: 'Book 2', author: 'Author 2' }, ]; books.forEach((book) => { const li = document.createElement('li'); li.classList.add('book'); li.innerHTML = `${book.title} by ${book.author}`; bookList.appendChild(li); });
Suppose we want to prevent SQL injection attacks on our web application. We can use input validation to verify user input before executing SQL queries.
# database.py import sqlite3 def get_books(username): conn = sqlite3.connect('books.db') cursor = conn.cursor() query = 'SELECT * FROM books WHERE username = ?' cursor.execute(query, (username,)) books = cursor.fetchall() conn.close() return books
# app.py from flask import Flask, request from database import get_books app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/books', methods=['GET']) def get_book_list(): username = request.args.get('username') if not username: return 'Error: username required', 400 books = get_books(username) return {'books': books}
What is the primary purpose of the front-end in a web application? A) To process user requests B) To render the user interface and handle user interactions C) To interact with the database D) To manage user authentication
Correct answer: B) To render the user interface and handle user interactions Why the distractors fail: A) is a back-end responsibility, C) is a database responsibility, and D) is a security measure.
What is the name of the popular version control system used for managing code changes and collaborating with others? A) Git B) SVN C) Mercurial D) Perforce
Correct answer: A) Git Why the distractors fail: B) is a different version control system, C) is a different version control system, and D) is a different version control system.
What is the purpose of input validation in a web application? A) To prevent SQL injection attacks B) To prevent cross-site scripting attacks C) To verify user input before executing SQL queries D) To encrypt user data
Correct answer: C) To verify user input before executing SQL queries Why the distractors fail: A) is a specific type of input validation, B) is a different security measure, and D) is a different security measure.
What is the name of the popular server-side programming language used for building web applications? A) Python B) Java C) Ruby D) PHP
Correct answer: A) Python Why the distractors fail: B) is a different programming language, C) is a different programming language, and D) is a different programming language.
What is the primary purpose of a database in a web application? A) To render the user interface B) To process user requests C) To store and retrieve data D) To manage user authentication
Correct answer: C) To store and retrieve data Why the distractors fail: A) is a front-end responsibility, B) is a back-end responsibility, and D) is a security measure.
Describe the primary purpose of the front-end in a web application. (10 marks)
Explain the importance of input validation in a web application. (10 marks)
Describe the primary purpose of a database in a web application. (10 marks)
Explain the importance of security measures in a web application. (10 marks)
Describe the primary purpose of a version control system in a web application. (10 marks)
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