1. The stretching frequencies of several functional groups are shown below:

Using the table of functional groups, which molecule corresponds with the infrared (IR) spectrum below?

2. The fourth ionization energy of aluminum is immensely higher than the first three ionization energies because

3. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy makes use of the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light to study the secondary structure of proteins. Circularly polarized light occurs when

4. Lead chloride dissolves, to a limited extent, in water by the following equilibrium expression:

How does the addition of NaCl to the solution affect PbCl2 solubility and the Ksp?

5. Xylem is a transport tissue found in vascular plants that transports water and nutrients. A xylem tube pushes xylem sap upward through the plant via capillary action. Which of the following principles is NOT responsible for this phenomenon?

6. Pressure-volume (PV) diagrams are widely used to characterize the performance of the intact heart under various conditions. For a particular cavity of the heart, the point at the bottom right of the loop is the end-diastolic point where the contraction begins. Moving counterclockwise around the loop, the opening and closing of the cavity's valves react to changes in pressure and volume. The upper left curve of the loop represents the end-systolic point. The PV diagram below was recorded for simultaneous contractions of the left (outer, larger loop) and right (inner, smaller loop) ventricles of the heart.

What conclusion can be drawn about the behavior of the left and right ventricles under the tested conditions?

7. Plant sucrose uptake transporters (SUTs) are H+/sucrose symporters, and OsSUT1 is a type II SUT. The OsSUT1(R188K) mutant was made that replaced lysine with arginine at position 188, altering a key residue in the transmembrane portion of the protein. R188H and R188M mutants did not localize to the membrane. 14C sucrose uptake by yeast expressing wildtype OsSUT1, the mutant, and an empty pDR196 gene vector was measured at pH 4.0 and 7.0, at 30˚C for 5 minutes each. The results are shown in the graph below:
Based on the results obtained, OsSUT1 will localize and function properly at pH 4.0 as long as residue 188

8. A proton travels at 7.5 × 107 m/s perpendicularly to a magnetic field that causes it to move in a circular path with a 1.00 m radius. The mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10–27 kg, and the charge of a proton is 1.60 × 10–19
What is the strength of the magnetic field?

9. The least-stable non-planar conformation for a cyclic hexose carbohydrate is the

10. When 5.00 mL of ethanol (MW = 46.1 g/mol) was burned in an excess of oxygen gas (MW = 32.0 g/mol), 1.10 mL of water (MW = 18.0 g/mol) was collected. The density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL, and the density of water is 1.00 g/mL. What is the percent yield for this reaction?

11. What is the pH of a solution of 0.805 M benzoic acid and 0.0800 M potassium benzoate if its Ka value is 6.28 × 10–5?

12. A round hole with a diameter of 10 cm is cut into a sheet of brass. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion (α) is 18.9 × 10–6 ÷ °C. What will be the change in area of the hole when the temperature is increased by 50°C?

13. Saponification is the process of soap formation using a triglyceride as the starting molecule. The saponification reaction is

14. Fractional distillation is a method used to separate two or more liquids in the same mixture. This method relies on differences between the liquids in

15. The van der Waals equation modifies the ideal gas law to account for deviations of real gases from ideal gas behavior. The two factors the equation takes into consideration are

16. The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is 6.0 L of air at a body temperature of 310 K and atmospheric pressure. Given that air is 78.1% nitrogen, how many nitrogen molecules would be present in the lungs of an adult human male when filled to capacity with air?

17. The following data were obtained for this hypothetical reaction:A + B → C

Based on the data, which of the following measurements should be linear, with slope k or –k, as a function of time?

18. The change in length of an object under linear thermal expansion is a function of I. the initial length II. the initial temperature III. the magnitude of change in temperature

19. According to Faraday's laws of electrolysis, the masses of substances formed during electrolysis at an electrode are

20. A 250-g calorimeter with a specific heat capacity of 20.0 J/g · °C contains 600 g of water (c = 4.18 J/g · °C). Given that the molar heat of combustion of sucrose, C12H22O11, releases 5.65 × 103 kJ of heat, what mass of sucrose must be burned to increase the temperature of the water and calorimeter by 10°C?

21. A box of mass 500 kg is pulled on a wagon across a level floor. A man pulls the wagon handle horizontally at a 50 degree angle by exerting a force of 240 N. The force of friction is 100 N. What is the acceleration of the wagon?

22. The type of radioactive decay that does NOT change the atomic number of a nucleus is

23. The Lewis acid-base reaction between boron trifluoride and ethanol produces

24. Heat transfer due to concerted, collective movement within fluids is

25. As an ambulance with a blaring siren approaches, the pitch (frequency) of the sound