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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics
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CLEP General Mathematics: Probability And Statistics
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25 Questions

1. Working from a null hypothesis two basic forms of error are recognized:

2. The probability of the observed value or something more extreme under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.

3. A list of individuals from which the sample is actually selected.

4. ?r

5. Is a function that gives the probability of all elements in a given space: see List of probability distributions

6. Patterns in the data may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations - and are then used for drawing inferences about the process or population being studied; this is called

7. Are two related but separate academic disciplines. Statistical analysis often uses probability distributions - and the two topics are often studied together. However - probability theory contains much that is of mostly of mathematical interest and no

8. A measurement such that the random error is small

9. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.

10. Have both a meaningful zero value and the distances between different measurements defined; they provide the greatest flexibility in statistical methods that can be used for analyzing the data

11. Is the study of the collection - organization - analysis - and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this - including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

12. Can refer either to a sample not being representative of the population - or to the difference between the expected value of an estimator and the true value.

13. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (a.k.a. - predictive statistics) together comprise

14. In Bayesian inference - this represents prior beliefs or other information that is available before new data or observations are taken into account.

15. Performing the experiment following the experimental protocol and analyzing the data following the experimental protocol. 4. Further examining the data set in secondary analyses - to suggest new hypotheses for future study. 5. Documenting and present

16. A consistent - repeated deviation of the sample statistic from the population parameter in the same direction when many samples are taken.

17. There are four main levels of measurement used in statistics: Each of these have different degrees of usefulness in statistical research.

18. Is the set of possible outcomes of an experiment. For example - the sample space for rolling a six-sided die will be {1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6}.

19. The probability of correctly detecting a false null hypothesis.

20. Have imprecise differences between consecutive values - but have a meaningful order to those values

21. Statistics involve methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population.

22.

23. Gives the probability of events in a probability space.

24. Is the probability of two events occurring together. The joint probability of A and B is written P(A and B) or P(A - B).

25. A variable that has an important effect on the response variable and the relationship among the variables in a study but is not one of the explanatory variables studied either because it is unknown or not measured.