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Harvard Zero-L Vocabulary

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Zero-L. is Harvard Law School's short introduction to American Law and Civics.

Harvard Zero-L Vocabulary

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1. U.S. Supreme Court

The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The jury's decision.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.

2. Discovery

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The jury's decision.

3. Torts

4. Verdict

5. President of the United States

The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The head of state and head of government who directs the executive branch and serves as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

6. Comment

Statements by the public about a proposed rule, typically in written form.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.

7. Conviction

8. Counterfactual

Relating to or expressing what has not happened or is not the case.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.

9. The Rule of Recognition

A social rule that specifies what counts as a law and what does not. Associated with HLA Hart.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.

10. Slippery Slope

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.An argument form where the arguer suggests that if a particular step is taken now, it will inevitably lead to a very bad unwanted consequence later on.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.

11. Real Property

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.Land and anything growing on, built on, or attached to it (such as buildings).The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.

12. Session Law

The booklet containing published statutes, bound chronologically by Congressional session.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.

13. Execute the Judgement

The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.Additional steps needed to effectuate the court's judgment. For example, if the plaintiff gets money damages from someone they may seek to garnish the defendant's wages (i.e., deduct a certain amount every month) in order to get paid back over time.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.

14. Domestic Law

The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The law that is made by U.S. sovereigns and governs activities on U.S. soil. In some cases, it may also govern U.S. citizens or others within the jurisdictional power of theU.S. even though they may not be physically present in the U.S.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.

15. Implied Term

A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A term that is deemed to be part of a legally enforceable agreement even though it is not negotiated or stated explicitly.

16. Consequalist/Utilitarian Theory of Punishment

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.A theory that seeks to justify the state's decision to punish someone by appealing to the benefit to society that such punishment is thought to afford (for example, by incapacitating a dangerous individual or by deterring that person or others from committing future crimes)The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.

17. Title IX

The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.A federal civil rights law enacted as part of the Education Amendments of 1972, to bar sex discrimination in educational institutions that receive federal funds.

18. Public Policy

The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.An argument appealing to what is right, just, and promotes the public good.

19. Vertical Dimension of Precedent

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.A decision by a higher court binds lower courts in the same court system.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.

20. Legislative Intent

The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.Congress's policy instructions that the judiciary tries to ascertain.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.

21. Substantive Law

A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The law that governs how people are to behave. This is the 'semantics' of law.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.

22. Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius

A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A linguistic canon of construction that means that if you specify one thing, you impliedly exclude the things you don't specify.

23. Separation of Powers (Checks and Balances)

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.The division of the three branches of the federal government - the legislative, judicial, and executive powers. The underlying idea of this constitutional design is that the competition for authority among the three branches will discourage anyone from supremacy or tyranny.

24. Defensive Medicine

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The practice in which doctors order a test or procedure primarily for the purpose of avoiding liability rather than to improve a patient's health.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.

25. Appeal

The highest federal court. It has final appellate jurisdiction over all federal court decisions and also hears state court cases that turn on issues of federal law.The review in one court of the proceedings and decisions of another, either as to law or fact, or both.The process by which one party makes another party (or in some cases non-party) provide information needed for the case, including asking for documents, requiring an opposing party to answer interrogatories, and depositions.A field of law that involves the law of civil, as opposed to criminal, wrongs.

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25 Questions

❤ If you liked Fatskills, consider supporting us by checking out The Life Manuals You Never Got.

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All trademarks, logos and brand names are the property of their respective owners. All company, product and service names used in this website are for identification purposes only. Use of these names, trademarks and brands does not imply endorsement.

About | Explore | User Guide | Topics | Subjects | Doubt Solver | Career Aptitude Test | Answers | Free Tools | What Should We Know?
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Without work one finishes nothing. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
© 2026 Fatskills.com