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Physiology Practice Test: The Urinary System - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Related Test: Physiology Practice Test: The Urinary System - Renal Function

Physiology Practice Test: The Urinary System - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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25 Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of angiotensin II?
2. Which of the following does NOT occur as a consequence of the increased release of renin and its effects on other hormones?
3. Which of the following is a source of water input?
4. Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone on renal handling of potassium?
5. Urea diffuses from the collecting duct into the medullary interstitial fluid maintaining to the medullary interstitial fluid osmotic gradient.
6. The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
7. In the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells, bicarbonate is moved out of the cells by ________.
8. Bicarbonate crosses the apical membrane of the proximal tubule by ________.
9. In both the proximal and distal tubules, the reabsorption of sodium involves the active transport of sodium across the basolateral membrane.
10. What is the secondary defense against changes in pH that requires minutes to be activated?
11. The effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are not restricted to regulating water movement; it also affects sodium reabsorption by ________.
12. Which of the following is NOT one of the stimuli that will result in the release of antidiuretic hormone?
13. What enzyme converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.
14. Hydrogen ions in the filtrate within the collecting ducts are buffered by the presence of ________.
15. The reabsorption of potassium in the proximal tubule requires which of the following?
16. The regulation of acid-base balance in the kidneys occurs primarily through the unique action of which cells in the distal tubules and collecting ducts?
17. What hormone decreases plasma calcium levels?
18. The intracellular event that stimulates the insertion of aquaporin-2 into the apical membranes of principal cells is driven by ________.
19. A decrease in plasma calcium will initiate an increase in the release of which of the following?
20. The bone can supply calcium to the plasma by what process?
21. Which of the following ions acts as a buffer to minimize changes in intracellular pH?
22. Movement across which of the following generally results in a net loss of solutes and/or water?
23. Which of the following hormones are lipophilic?
24. In diabetes insipidus, blood levels of ________ are decreased causing an increase in ________.
25. In the proximal tubule, hydrogen ions are transported into the filtrate by ________.

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