Madhya Pradesh Language And Literature

Nimari: It is an Indo-aryan dialect. It is developed as a subpart of Shauraseni dialect. It is mainly spoken in Khandwa and Khargone districts.
It has an influence Malwi, Marwari, Gujarati and Marathi. Many folk writer have writen folk literature in Nimari.
Bagheli (Baghelkhandi) This dialect is spoken in North-Eastern region of the state. It is the modified version of Ardh Magadhi. Bagheli is spoken in Satna, Rewa and Singrauli. The mixed form of Bagheli is spoken in tribal region of Mandla. Some sub-dialects of Bagheli are also spoken in Madhya Pradesh like Gondi dialect is spoken in Rewa and Mandla region.
Bundeli (Bundelkhand) This dialect is closely related to Braj Bhasha. It is a narrated form of Shauraseni. It was named as Bundeli by Dr. Gearson. It is spoken in Southern region of Madhya Pradesh.
In its purest form, Bundeli is spoken in Tikamgarh, Sagar and Narsinghpur districts. Its sub-dialects are also spoken in Madhya Pradesh like Panwari in Gwalior and Datia, and Khatola in Panna, Chhatarpur and Damoh districts.
Braj Bhasha This dialect has developed from Shauraseni. This dialect is spoken in Gwalior, Morena, Bhind and Sheopur districts.
Panchmahli This dialect is spoken in Gwalior, Bundelkhand, Pichhora and Bhitarwar of Madhya Pradesh.
Korku This dialect is the language of Korku tribe. This dialect is spoken in Eastern Nimar, Hoshangabad and Betul of Madhya Pradesh.
Varhadi It is basically a dialect of Marathi spoken in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra and also by Marathi People of adjoining parts of Madhya Pradesh, chhattisgarh and Telengana in India.
Jatwari This dialect is spoken in of Gwalior and Gohad of Bhind.
Nahal This dialect is spoken in Betul district of Vidarbha area by the Nathal tribes. It is a mixture of Hindi and Marathi language.
Rajputi This is spoken in Rajputghar.
This area located in the low land of Sindhu river of Madhya Pradesh.
Bhadawari This dialect is spoken in Bhind, Morena and Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh. It is also known as Gauvanshi, Antarvedi and Buland language.
Torgarhi The dialect is spoken in Porsa tehsil, Western side of Gohad tehsil and Morena tehsil in Madhya Pradesh.

Literature of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is a land of rich heritage and it has produced great poets and authors who are famous world over.
The main literature of Madhya Pradesh belongs to Mahavira Charita, Malati Madhav, Dashakumar Charita, Harshcharita, Barahmasa and Meghdoot. Madhya Pradesh literature is divided in three major successive stage i.e. Ancient, Medieval and Modern period.
In ancient time, Kalidasa, Banbhatta, Bharthari and in medieval period Kespavdas Bhushan, Padmakar were the main poets of Madhya Pradesh. In modern literature Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Bhavani
Prashad Mishra, Sharad Joshi, AB Vajpayee, Rahat Indori, Nida Fazli, etc have enriched the literature of Madhya Pradesh.

Prominent Writers of Ancient Period

Kalidasa
▸ He was born in 380 AD. Some scholars believed that he was born in Ujjain as he was court poet of Chandragupt Vikramaditya, who was related to Ujjain. He was one of the nine gems (Navratna) in the court of Chandragupt Vikramaditya.
▸ Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit writer, greatest poet and dramatist in Sanskrit language.
▸ He wrote two epics, Raghuvansham and Kumar Sambhav, three plays, Malavikagnimitram, Abhigyan Shakuntalam and Vikramovarshiya and two past epic, Ritusamhara and Meghdoot.
▸ In Meghdoot a beautiful description about the Ujjain city was given.
▸ He is known as Indian Shakespeare for his literary work. He died in 415 AD.
Bhavbhuti
▸ Bhavbhuti was an 8th century Sanskrit poet and playwriter. He was born in Padmapura, Vidarbha in Gondia district, on Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh border. He was a court poet of Kannauj Ruler Yashovarman.
▸ Bhavabhuti was well-known with his middle name Ambek in Padmapur.
▸ He wrote Malatimadhava, Mahavira Charita (First Sanskrit play having sad ending) and Uttararamacharita.
Banbhatta
▸ Banbhatta was a 7th century Sanskrit prose writer and poet. Banbhatta born probably in Pritikoot, a village of Western Bihar.
▸ He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of king Harshavardhan.
▸ The famous book written by Banabhatta are Harshacharita , Kadambri, Chandika Shatak and Mukut Tandit.

Prominent Writers of Medieval Period

Acharya Keshavdas
▸ He was born in 1555 AD Orchha.
▸ Keshavdas was an eminent scholar of Sanskrit.
▸ He was an acharya and poet of Hindi, who also wrote the Sanskrit poetry.
▸ The authentic text written by Keshavdas are Rasikapriya, Kavipriya, Chandamala, Ramachandrika, Veersinghadev, Charit, Sansagita and Jahangir Jaschandrika.
Kavi
Bhushan
▸ He was born in 1613 AD in Trivikrampur. He was an Indian Poet in the court of the Bundeli king, Chhatrasal and the Maratha king, Shivaji.
▸ He was a great poet of Anupras and Shlesh Alankar. King Rudra of Solanki in Chitrakoot gave the title Bhushan to Kavi Bhushan.
▸ His famous works included Bhushan Ullas, Shivabavani, Chhatrasal Dashak, Bhushan Hazara and Saaransh Ki Kahani. He died in the year 1705.
Padmakar
▸ He was born in 1753 in Sagar district. He was a well-known and respected poet of Hindi literature.
▸ Padmakar was blessed with Ashu-Kavitta Shakti, the legacy of his earlier poets and Sanskrit scholars.
▸ Padmakar was honoured by many kings in the form of a poet, so he was respected in many court ranks.
▸ He wrote Pratap Virudawali, Padmacharan, Sugeet Vinod, Bhasha Hitopadesh, Ganga Laheri, Ishwar Pachisi, etc. He died in the year 1883.

Prominent Writers of Modern Period

Bharthari
▸ He was born in Ujjain. He was the elder brother of Chandragupt Vikramaditya and was the king of Ujjain.
▸ According to Prabhand-Chintamani and Prabhavats Charitra, he ruled Ujjain for 12 years. His workplace was Chunar (Uttar Pradesh). He took Samadhi in Sariska (Rajasthan).
▸ His major works include Trio Shatak, Niti Shatak, Shringar Shatak and Vairayya Shatak.
Madhav Rao Sapre
▸ He was born on 19th June, 1871 in Damoh district. He recognised Makhanlal Chaturvedi as his spiritual teacher.
▸ In 1900, he published Chhattisgarh Mitra as first newspaper of Chhattisgarh.
▸ It 1905, his book Hindi Granthmala was published in Nagpur. He died on 26th April, 1926. Sapre Memorial was built in his memory in Bhopal.
Pt. Makhanlal Chaturvedi
▸ He was born on 4th April, 1889, in Hoshangabad district. He was a writer, essayist, playwright, poet and journalist.
▸ He was the editor of Prabha, Pratap and Karnaveer magazines.
▸ His major works include Him Kirtini, Him Tarangini Deep Se Deep Jale , Sahitya Devta, Yug Charan, Kaisa Chhand Bana Deti Hai, etc.
▸ He was awarded the first Sahitya Akademi Awards for his work Him Taringini in 1955. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1963. He died on 30th January, 1968.
Mulla Ramuzi
▸ He was born on 21st May, 1896 in Bhopal district. He was a great Urdu writer.
▸ He wrote Intikhab-e-Gulabi (Urdu) Meekalat Gulabi (Urdu) Shadi and Aurat Jaat.
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
▸ She was born on 16th August, 1904 in Nihalpur village in Allahabad. She got married to Laxman Singh of Khandwa, who worked for Karmaveera magazine with Makhanlal Chaturvedi. She has authored a number of popular works in Hindi poetry.
▸ She wrote Mukul, Bikhre Moti, Rakhi Ki Chunauti, Sabha Ke Khel, Sidhe Sadhe Chitra, etc. Her most famous composition are Jhansi Ki Rani, Veeron Ka Kaisa Ho Basant, etc. She was died by a car accident on 15th February, 1948.
Balkrishna Sharma Naveen
▸ He was born on 8th December, 1897 in Shajapur district. He was an Indian freedom activist, journalist, politician and poet of Hindi literature.
▸ He was also the editor of Prabha and Pratap magazines. His major works include Urmila, Kumkum, Vipalva Gayan, Pranaparn, etc. He died on 29th April, 1960.
Bhawani Prasad Mishra
▸ He was born on 23rd March, 1914 in Hoshangabad district. He was a Hindi poet and author.
▸ His major works include Song Sarfarosh, Chakit Hai Dukh, Andheri Kavitayein, Gandhi Panchshati, etc.
▸ He was honoured with Sahitya Akademi award in 1977 for his book Buni Hui Rassi. He died on 20th February, 1985.
Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh
▸ He was born on 14th November, 1917 in Sheopur district.
▸ He was one of the most prominent Hindi poets, essayist, literary and fiction writer of the 20th century.
▸ He is considered to be the first poet of Tar Saptak.
▸ He was also an assistant editor of journals like Naya Khoon, Vasudha, etc.
▸ His major works include, Chand Ka Muh Teda Hai, Ek Sahityik Ki Diary, Nai Kavita Ka Atma Sangharsha, Brahma Rakshas Ka Shishya, Satah Se Uthta Aadmi, etc. He died on 11th September, 1964.
Pandit Harishankar Parsai
▸ He was born on 22nd August, 1924 in Hoshangabad district. He was a Hindi writer, noted satirist and humorist of modern Hindi Literature.
▸ He was known for his simple and direct style. He wrote Vyangya articles.
▸ He was honoured with Sahitya Akademi Award in 1982, for his satire Viklang Shraddha Ka Daur.
▸ His major works include Rani Nagfani Ki Kahani, Tat Ki Khoj, Beimani Ki Parat, etc. He died on 10th August, 1995.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
▸ He was born on 25th December, 1924 in Gwalior district. He was the 10th Prime Minister of India. He was known more for his love for literature and his skill in the art. He was a poet and writer in Hindi.
▸ His major works include Nayi Disha, Samvedna, Kaidi Kavirai Ki Kundaliyan, Amar Aag Haii, Meri, Ikyavana Kavitayen, etc.
▸ He was awarded with Padma Vibushan in 1992 and also honoured with India's highest civilian honour the Bharat Ratna. He died on 16th August, 2018.
Sharad Joshi
▸ He was born on 23rd May, 1931 in Ujjain district.
▸ He was a Hindi poet, writer, satirist, a dialogue and script writer in Hindi films and Television.
▸ His major works include Parikrama, Kisi Bahane, Tilasm, Phir Kisi Bahane, Ek tha Gadda, Yatha Sambhav, Dusri Satah, Pratidin, etc.
▸ He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1990. He died on 5th September, 1991.

Other Prominent Writers of Madhya Pradesh

Major Works

Bihari Lal

Shrinagar Ras

Chandrasen Virat

Swar ke Sopan, Nirvasan Chandhi, Peele Chawal Dwar Par, Kochnan Ki Tahni

Balhani Bairagi

Joojh Raha Hindustan, Gaurav Geet, Sarpanch, Lalkar

Mehrunnis Parvez

Aankhon ko Dehliz, Aadam and Hauwa, Akela Palas, Antim Padav.

Laxmi Narayan Dubey

Sahitya Ke Charan, Hindi ki Rashtriya Kavya Dhara, Tulsi Sahitya ke Sandarbh, Ram Kavya ke Progatisheel Adhyatam.

Folk Writers of Madhya Pradesh

Jagnik
▸ He was born in 1230 AD. He was a court poet and warrior of Kalinjar of Chandel king Parimal Dev.
▸ His major works include Alhakhand and Parimal Raso. He wrote a detail description of the heroic of the two famous heroes of Mahoba Alha and Udal.
▸ In 1865, Sir Charles Illiot, the collector of Farrukhabad named it Alhakhand which had purity of Kannauj language. Munshiram Swaroop had translated Alhakhand in Hindi. Alhakhand is the world's largest folk tale divided into 52 parts.
Sant Singaji
▸ He was born in 1571 AD in Khajuri village in Barwani district. He was a poet and an enchanting saint.
▸ His works include Saat Baar, Barahmasi, Pandrah Tithi, etc. His samadhi is situated in Pipalya of Khandwa district where a religious fair is organised every year.
Ghagh
▸ He was born in 1753. He was a agricultural scholar and practical man. He had a good knowledge of poetries, philosphy and astrology.
▸ His major work include Ghagh Bhadri Ki Kahavatein.
Isuri
▸ He was born in the year 1898. He composed over a thousand Faag songs.
▸ His works were scripted by Krishnanand Gupta. His major works include Isuri Satsai, Isuri Prakash and Premika Rajau.

Prominent Literary and Art Academy in Madhya Pradesh

Prominent Literary and Art Academy

in Madhya

Academy

Year of Establishment

Madhya Pradesh Art Council

Madhya Pradesh Literary Council

1954

Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy

1969

Madhya Pradesh Urdu Academy

Madhya Pradesh Kalidasa Academy

Ustad Alauddin Khan Sangeet Academy

Bharat Bhawan Lalit Art Academy

1982

Madhya Pradesh Sindhi Academy

Allama Iqbal Adabi Academy

Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Academy

1985

Madhya Pradesh Tulsi Academy

1987

Sangram Monument Bhawan

Swaraj institute of Directorate

1998

Bhojpuri and Punjabi Academy

2013