(1920 - 2005; r. 1978 - 2005) From Poland, making him the first non-Italian pope in over 400 years. In 1891 he was shot by Mehmet Ali Agca, a member of the Turkish terrorist group Grey Wolves; he survived and forgave Agca while visiting him in prison. John Paul II defended the sanctity of life in his encyclical Evangelium Vitae and declared evolution to be compatible with Catholic theology. He denounced Marxist 'liberation theology' in Latin American and may have inspired the Solidarity movement during a 1979 visit to his home country.